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Most malnutrition occurs as a result of the intense
大多數營養不良是由于高強度的癌癥治療
cancer treatments such as chemotherapy. Chemotherapy
比如化療
kills rapidly dividing cells and in effect damages
化療迅速殺死分裂細胞破壞小腸粘膜細胞
cells lining the intestines. This makes the intestines
這使得小腸不能吸收營養和食物
unable to absorb nutrients and food. Anorexia,
厭食癥，黏膜炎 就是消化道內壁
mucositis which is the inflammation of the mucous
細胞黏膜發炎
membranes lining the digestive tract, vomiting,
嘔吐 腹瀉以及味覺改變
diarrhea and alterations in taste are important side
都是化療的重要副作用
effects of chemotherapy that also contribute to weight
從而導致消瘦以及營養不良
loss and malnutrition. Because of the side effects
由于這些副作用 所以導致了惡病質
cachexia can often result. Cachexia, also known as the
惡病質也稱消耗癥
wasting syndrome can also result in extreme cases.
也可以導致極端病例
Cachexia is the loss of weight and the atrophy of
惡病質表現為消瘦 肌肉萎縮
muscle resulting in an intense fatigue and weakness.
會導致強烈的疲憊和虛弱
It cannot simply be reversed by eating more calories
僅僅靠攝入更多的卡路里是不能恢復的因為
because lean body mass is also lost. To avoid cancer
身體的瘦體重也減輕了 為了避免癌癥惡病質
cachexia it is extremely important for children to eat
對于孩子在治療過程中攝入足夠多的蛋白質
enough protein and calories throughout the treatment.
和卡路里是至關重要的
The type of cancer itself plays a role in malnutrition
癌癥自身的類型在營養不良里也扮演了
as well, in fact it has been well documented that
很重要的角色 事實上記錄表明
certain tumors and stages of diseases are associated
某些腫瘤和疾病的階段
with an increased risk of becoming under nourished.
能夠增加營養不良的風險
In a study conducted in 2011 by Bower and others
在2011年有鮑爾及其同事
entitled ‘important aspects of nutrition
進行的“癌癥患兒營養不良的重要方面”
in children with cancer’ different types of
研究中，比較了不同種類的癌癥
cancers were compared and their corresponding risk
以及處于營養不良時
for becoming under nourished were assessed.
相應的風險
Overall, malnutrition was more prevalent in children
總體來說，營養不良在
with advanced solid tumors such as neuroblastoma
患晚期實性腫瘤孩子中很常見
and in aggressive tumors and tumors in the later stages
比如成神經細胞瘤，惡性腫瘤
of malignancy. Undernourishment was seen less
以及惡性腫瘤的后期
frequently in children diagnosed with non metastatic
被診斷為沒有轉移性腫瘤的或者是更有利的
tumors and diagnosis with a more favorable prognosis.
預后診斷的孩子中，營養不足是很少見的
We will now turn our attention to the side effects and
現在我們將把注意力轉移到在癌癥治療期間
problems malnutrition causes during cancer treatment.
由營養不良引起的副作用和一系列問題上
There are many side effects that malnutrition causes
癌癥治療期間由于營養不良
during cancer treatment, however we will focus on 3
引發了很多副作用
key side effects; an increased treatment time,
我們將關注三個主要的副作用
a decreased quality of life after survival and
治療時間愈后生活質量下降
a greater chance of becoming underweight or
以及以后的生活
overweight later in life.
身體變得消瘦或超重的可能性增大
Studies have shown that malnutrition reduces the
研究表明，營養不良會降低化療的有效性
effectiveness of chemotherapy, thus increasing the
從而延長了孩子們必須
length of time children must spend being treated
在醫院接受治療的時間
in the hospital. Being malnourished also increases
由于免疫系統的減弱
the likelihood of developing an infection due to
營養不良還可能會使
a weakened immune system.
孩子們更容易受感染
Malnutrition has also been proven to lower the
事實證明，營養不良還會降低生活質量
overall quality of life and lower the chances of
以及病人治療后存活的機率
a patient survival post treatment. In children under
對孩子來說
nourishment has a significant role in survival rates,
營養不足對存活率有很大的影響
especially in children with solid tumors and
特別是患有實體瘤和轉移性疾病等
metastatic diseases which are children at a high risk.
嚴重疾病的孩子
Many studies have also shown that survivors of
很多研究已表明
specific cancer types are more likely to cause a child
如果孩子在治療過程中營養不良
to become underweight or overweight later in life
那么某種癌癥的幸存者在以后的生活中
if the child experienced malnutrition during treatment.
更有可能變得消瘦或者超重
