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This is an example of a standardized growth chart.
這是一個標準化成長圖表
This is an example of a standard, normal distribution
這則是一副標準的正常分布圖
graph. If a child were malnourished the child’s weight
如果一個孩子營養不良
would fall 2 standard deviations below the mean,
他的體重會低于平均水平兩個標準差
where the circle is drawn on this graph.
就是圖表中畫圈的部分
All children are at a time of rapid growth and
所有的孩子在某個時刻
development and because of this it is important that
快速增長發展 這是因為
they receive enough calories and nutrients.
他們吸收了足夠多的卡路里和營養物質
For normal children not battling illness or disease,
身體健康的正常孩子
4 to 8 year olds need approximately 1600 calories,
在4到8歲之間需要大約1600卡路里
15 grams of protein which is equal to about 2 eggs,
15克蛋白質 大約是兩個雞蛋的量
and 8mg of calcium which is equivalent to 31
8毫克鈣 大約是31杯份低脂牛奶
cup servings of low fat milk. As children age
隨著孩子長大
their calorie, protein and calcium needs increase
他們的卡路里蛋白質以及該需求量都會增加
until they reach adulthood.
知道他們變成成年人
Children undergoing treatment for cancer are also
接受癌癥治療的孩子
experiencing rapid growth and development but
也會經歷快速增長階段
they have an even higher need for nutrients
但是他們對于營養物質的需求量更高
because of an increased metabolic rate from fighting
因為他們為了戰勝疾病需要提高代謝速率
the disease. Both protein and energy needs
為了阻止肌肉的消耗和流失
are increased even more to prevent wasting or
更需要提高白質和能量需求量
the loss of muscle. Protein needs actually increase
建議蛋白質的需求量增加得最大
the most with recommendations that children receive
每天孩子每千克體重
up to 2 grams per kilogram of body weight each day.
應該吸收2克蛋白質
Increased calcium and vitamin D needs are also critical
增加鈣和維生素D的需求也很重要
due to bone growth during childhood. Children should
因為孩子的骨骼正在增長
consume more than 1000mgs of calcium which is equal to
孩子每天應該吸收超過1000毫克鈣
about 4 1 cup servings of low fat milk and more than
大約相當于41杯份的低脂牛奶
10mgs of vitamin D which is equal to about 10 to 15
超過10毫克的鈣 大約相當于10到15分鐘的日照
minutes of sunlight each day; this will ensure their
這將會保證
bones will continue to grow during disease treatment.
他們的骨骼在疾病治療期間繼續增長
Calcium is needed to help the bones grow and remain
鈣可以幫助骨骼增長保持強壯
strong and vitamin D is required to ensure that calcium
維生素D可以保證鈣的吸收
is absorbed.So what causes malnutrition during cancer?
那么在癌癥治療期間什么引起營養不良呢
Malnutrition arises in children for one overall
總的來說，引起孩子營養不良的一個最常見
common reason, an inability to consume or digest food
的原因是沒有能力消化吸收食物和營養
and nutrients. This inability to consume or digest
這種沒有消化吸收的能力有許多
foods has many underlying causes but we will discuss
潛在的原因 但是我們今天將會討論
2 of the main ones today; the side effects of
2個最主要的原因；化學療法的副作用
chemotherapy and other aggressive treatments as well as
和其他積極的療法
the increased metabolic demands from the cancer itself.
以及對于癌癥本身新陳代謝需求的增加
