評論
打印
It also turns out that thinking about mental illness in other animals isn't actually that much of a stretch.
同時更沒有費心思索過其他動物的精神疾病。。
Most mental disorders in the United States are fear and anxiety disorders,and when you think about it, fear and anxiety are actually really extremely helpful animal emotions.
大多數美國人的精神障礙是恐懼和焦躁性障礙，但仔細想一想這兩者實際上是極其有益的動物情緒。
Usually we feel fear and anxiety in situations that are dangerous,and once we feel them,we then are motivated to move away from whatever is dangerous.
通常在危險的情況下 我們才會感到恐懼和焦躁，一旦感受到它們，我們就會受到刺激而遠離危險。
The problem is when we begin to feel fear and anxiety in situations that don't call for it.
問題是，我們在不必要的時候 也會感受到恐懼和焦慮。
Mood disorders, too, may actually just be the unfortunate downside of being a feeling animal,and obsessive compulsive disorders also are often manifestations of a really healthy animal thing which is keeping yourself clean and groomed.
情緒障礙實際上僅僅是作為有感知動物的一種消極面。強制性障礙也是一種健康動物行為的表現。它讓你保持干凈整潔。
This tips into the territory of mental illness when you do things like compulsively over-wash your hands or paws,
這就進入了精神疾病領域當動物強迫地過度洗手或洗爪子，
or you develop a ritual that's so extreme that you can't sit down to a bowl of food unless you engage in that ritual.
或發展出極端的儀式行為以至于心滿意足之前都不能坐下好好吃飯。
So for humans, we have the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, which is basically an atlas of the currently agreed-upon mental disorders.
所以 對于人類我們有一本 《診斷與統計手冊》。這本冊子主要收錄了目前認可的精神障礙。
In other animals, we have YouTube.
而其它動物，我們有Youtube。
This is just one search I did for OCD dog but I encourage all of you to look at OCD cat.
這只是搜索強迫癥狗的結果。但我鼓勵你們所有人去搜一搜強迫癥貓。
You will be shocked by what you see.
你會被結果驚到的。
I'm going to show you just a couple examples.
在這我就分享一些例子。
This is an example of shadow-chasing.
這是一直追影子的狗。
I know, and it's funny and in some ways it's cute.
我知道，這很好笑 在某個程度上還很可愛。
The issue, though, is that dogs can develop compulsions like this that they then engage in all day.
問題是，狗狗有了這種強迫行為就會一整天地重復下去。
So they won't go for a walk,they won't hang out with their friends,they won't eat.
它們不去散步，不跟朋友玩，也不吃飯。
They'll develop fixations like chasing their tails compulsively.
然后產生心理固著，比如強迫地追自己尾巴。
Here's an example of a cat named Gizmo.
這里有只貓叫 吉斯莫。
He looks like he's on a stakeout but he does this for many, many, many hours a day.
他看起來正在監視什么，但這一舉動每天會持續若干小時。
He just sits there and he will paw and paw and paw at the screen.
他就坐在那，用前爪一直，一直，一直擺弄百葉窗。
This is another example of what's considered a stereotypic behavior.
這是另外一個重復行為。
This is a sun bear at the Oakland Zoo named Ting Ting.
這是一只在奧克蘭動物園的馬來熊名為聽聽，
And if you just sort of happened upon this scene, you might think that Ting Ting is just playing with a stick.
然而如果你剛好看到這個畫面，你可能會覺得聽聽。只是在玩樹枝。
But Ting Ting does this all day.
但聽聽一整天就這樣。
and if you pay close attention and if I showed you guys the full half-hour of this clip,you'd see that he does the exact same thing in the exact same order, and he spins the stick in the exact same way every time.
如果你們仔細看。再等這半個小時的視頻放完，會注意到它每次都做著同一動作，以同一順序和同一方式轉那個樹枝。
Other super common behaviors that you may see,particularly in captive animals,are pacing stereotypies or swaying stereotypies, and actually, humans do this too.
其他非常常見的行為，尤其是籠子里的動物有固定的踱步行為或搖擺行為。事實上我們人類也一樣。
and in us, we'll sway, we'll move from side to side.
我們會擺動，從這邊挪到那邊。
Many of us do this, and sometimes it's an effort to soothe ourselves,and I think in other animals that is often the case too.
我們很多人這么做其實是一種放松方式而且我相信其他動物也是如此。
But it's not just stereotypic behaviors that other animals engage in.
但他們不止重復行為。
This is Gigi. She's a gorilla that lives at the Franklin Park Zoo in Boston.
她是吉吉住在波士頓富蘭克林動物園的母猩猩。
