"It is certainly did sweep us all by a storm. It's a beautiful, elegant and simple theory and a number of people said well if it's so elegant and simple why don't we try to use it as the basic unifying principle for nature."

But if String Theory was to become Einstein's missing theory of everything it would have to pass one test. It will have to explain a rather special event ,the birth of the universe. The origins of the universe had always been a special subject of the cosmologists who studied the big world of stars and galaxies. They, too, felt they were on the verge of a great triumph-a complete understanding of how the world had begun. They had long known things had started with a giant explosion, the Big Bang but by now cosmologists had refined the idea. They had worked backwards in time from the present day, closer and closer to the instant of the Big Bang. Their work was incredibly precise.We have confidence in extrapolating back from the present to when the first stars and galaxies formed,when the universe was only a billion years old, or exstrapolating back farther to when the first atoms were formed, when the universe was a few hundred thousands years old, or when the first nuclear formed,and the Universe was only a few seconds old.Physics was now actually ready to talk about these bizarre sounding events in the universe, fractions of a second and even billionths and billionths and billionths of a second, ten thirds or minus thirty-five seconds after the instant of the big Bang, absolutely fantastic.

If everything in the universe was to be explained then String Theory and the Big Bang would now seamlessly merge and they complement each other perfectly.

After all, one concerned the birth of the Universe and the other all the matter in it. It was surely a forge one conclusion. physics seemed to be on the edge of glory, but it all went terribly wrong, try as they might they just couldn't get the two ideas to merge and then, after 10 years of struggling, something even worse happened, that? two parallel theories now began to self-destruct. The first problem appeared with the big Bang. The cosmologists had assumed that ,as they work backwards in time they would eventually work their way back all the way to the beginning of the big Bang. There would be no awkward gaps, but after years of endless refinement ,there was one gap which refused to disappear, the most important one of all.