1、scratch

a、給…搔癢;給…撓癢

He scratched himself under his arm.

他在胳膊下面撓了撓。

The old man lifted his cardigan to scratch his side.

老人撩起開襟毛衣撓了撓身體的一側。

b、劃傷;劃出痕跡

The branches tore at my jacket and scratched my hands and face.

樹枝刮破了我的夾克，劃傷了我的手和臉。

Knives will scratch the worktop.

小刀會在工作臺上留下劃痕。

c、從零開始;從頭做起;白手起家

Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

建立一個全新的家庭既讓人興奮又富于挑戰。

Hong Kong's manufacturing industry did not start from scratch in the post-war period.

戰后，香港制造業的興起并非從零開始。

d、觸及表面;隔靴搔癢;淺嘗輒止

Officials say they've only scratched the surface of the drug problem.

官員們說他們只是觸及了毒品問題的表面。

We had only two weeks to tour Malaysia, which was hardly enough time to scratch the surface.

我們只有兩周的時間游覽馬來西亞，連走馬觀花都來不及。

2、barely

a、剛剛；勉強；僅僅

Anastasia could barely remember the ride to the hospital.

阿納斯塔西婭幾乎記不起來怎么去的醫院。

It was 90 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.

當時氣溫達到了90度，空調也不能讓房間涼快多少。

b、剛剛…（就）

The Boeing 767 had barely taxied to a halt before its doors were flung open.

這架波音767剛剛停住，它的艙門就彈開了。

Barely had the bulldozers started when Museum of London archaeologists swooped.

推土機剛一啟動，倫敦博物館的考古學家們就蜂擁而至了。