評論
打印
Listen to part of a conversation between two students.
請聽一段兩個學生之間的對話，
The woman is helping the man review for a biology examination.
女同學正在幫助男同學復習生物考試。
OK, so...what do you think we should go over next?
好了，那么我們下一個應該復習什么？
How about if we go over this stuff about how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
不如我們來復習下細菌如何能抵抗抗生素？
OK.Um, but first of all, though, how many pages do we have left?
好的。不過，可以先看下我們還剩多少頁嗎？
I told my roommate I'd meet her at the library at seven o' clock.
我跟室友約好7點圖書館見。
Ummm...There's only a few pages left. We should be finished in a few minutes.
額，只剩幾頁了。我們應該幾分鐘就能搞定。
Ok, so, um…
好吧，那么......
About how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
關于細菌怎么變得能抵抗抗生素。
Oh yeah, OK. So you know that some bacteria cells are able to resist the drugs we use against them,
哦是的，好了。你知道有一些細菌細胞能抵抗我們用來消滅它們的藥物，
and that's because they have these special genes that, like, protect them from the drugs.
那是因為它們有特殊的基因，保護它們不受藥物影響。
Right. If I remember correctly, I think the genes like...weaken the antibiotics,
對的。如果我沒記錯的話，那些基因會弱化抗生素，
or like...stop the antibiotics from getting into the bacteria cell, something like that?
或者組織抗生素進入細菌細胞，是這樣的嗎？
Exactly. So when bacteria have these genes, it's very difficult for the antibiotics to kill the bacteria.
正是。所以如果細菌有這些基因的話，抗生素很難殺死細菌。
Right.So, do you remember what those genes are called?
是的。那你記得那些基因叫什么碼？
Um…Resistance Genes.
額......抗性基因。
Resistance Genes. Right, resistance genes, OK.
抗性基因。對的，抗性基因，是的。
And that makes sense, right? Because they help the bacteria resist the antibiotics.
很有道理，對吧？因為它們幫助細菌抵抗抗生素。
Yeah, that makes sense, OK.
是的，很有道理。
OK. But the question is: how do bacteria get the resistance genes?
好了。但問題是：細菌如何獲得抗性基因？
How do they get the resistance genes? They just inherit them from the parent cell, right?
它們如何獲得抗性基因？它們從母細胞中遺傳了抗性基因，對嗎？
OK, yeah, that's true. They can inherit them from the parent cell, but that's not what I'm talking about.
是的，沒錯。它們從母細胞中遺傳到了抗性記憶，但是我說的不是這個。
Ok.I'm talking about how they get resistance genes from other cells in their environment, you know, from the other cells around them.
好吧。我說的是它們如何從環(huán)境中的其他細胞獲得抗性基因，從它們周圍的細胞。
Oh, I see what you mean. Umm, is that that stuff about "hopping genes," or something like that?
哦，我明白你的意思了。額，是不是跟"彈跳基因"之類的有關？
Right. Although actually they're called "jumping genes," not "hopping genes."
對的。但其實它們叫做"跳躍基因"，而不是"彈跳基因"。
Oh, OK. Jumping genes.
哦，好的。跳躍基因。
Yeah, but they have another name, too, that I can't think of. Umm...let me see if I can find it here in the book...
是的，但是它們還有另外一個名字，我想不起來。額，我看看能不能在書上找到......
I think it's probably on...
我覺得可能是在......
Oh, OK. Here it is. Transposons. That's what they're called.
哦，找到了。在這。轉座子。它們也叫這個名字。
Let me see. OK. Trans...po...sons...trans...posons. So "transposon" is another name for a jumping gene?
我看看。好的。轉......座......子。所以"轉座子"是跳躍基因的另一個叫法？
Right. And these transposons are, you know, like, little bits of DNA that are able to move from one cell to another.
是的。而且這些轉座子就像能從一個細胞轉移到另一個細胞的一小段DNA。
That's why they're called "jumping genes." They kind of, you know, "jump" from one cell to another.
所以它們被稱為"跳躍基因"。它們能從一個細胞"跳"到另一個細胞。
Ok.And these transposons are how resistance genes are able to get from one bacteria cell to another bacteria cell.
懂了。有了這些轉座子抗性基因就能從一個細菌細胞轉移到另一個細菌細胞。
What happens is that a resistance gene from one cell attaches itself to a transposon
情況是這樣的，一個細胞里的抗性基因附上一個轉座子，
and then,when the transposon jumps to another cell...
然后當轉座子跳到另一個細胞時......
The other cell gets the resistance gene and...Right.
另一個細胞就得到了抗性基因......對。
That's how it becomes resistant to antibiotics.Right.
所以它就變得能抵抗抗生素了。是的。
Wow. That's really cool. So that's how it happens.
哇哦。太酷了。所以就是這樣發(fā)生的。
That's how it happens.
就是這樣發(fā)生的。
