評(píng)論
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I also notice another interesting thing about this.
關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，我還發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象。
It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men.
女性似乎比男性更有可能做出這種動(dòng)作。
I mean women are more likely to make themselves small.
我的意思是，女性更有可能讓自己變小。
Women feel chronically less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.
女性總感覺自己的力量比男性弱，因此這并不令人驚訝。
The second question concerns our minds.
第二個(gè)問題是關(guān)于我們的意識(shí)。
We know that our minds change our bodies.
我們知道，我們的意識(shí)會(huì)改變我們的身體。
But is it also true that our bodies change our minds?
但我們的身體也可以改變我們的意識(shí)嗎？
And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean?
當(dāng)我說(shuō)到意識(shí)的時(shí)候，以強(qiáng)大的力量為例，這是什么意思呢？
I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings,
我在說(shuō)想法和感覺，以及組成我們想法和感覺的生理上的東西，
and in my case, that's hormones.
就這件事而言，是指激素。
I look at hormones.
我來(lái)講講激素。
So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like?
那么，強(qiáng)大的人的意識(shí)與無(wú)力的人的意識(shí)看起來(lái)是怎樣的呢？
Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic.
毫無(wú)疑問，強(qiáng)大的人往往更加堅(jiān)定、自信而樂觀。
They actually feel that they're going to win even at games of chance.
事實(shí)上，他們感覺自己會(huì)勝利，即使在博弈中也會(huì)如此。
They also tend to be able to think more abstractly.
他們往往還具有抽象思維。
They take more risks.
他們會(huì)冒更多的險(xiǎn)。
So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people.
因此，強(qiáng)大和無(wú)力的人有許多不同之處。
Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone.
從生理上來(lái)說(shuō)，在兩種關(guān)鍵激素中有許多不同：一個(gè)是主導(dǎo)性激素，另一種是皮質(zhì)醇。
What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，強(qiáng)大且有效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)含主導(dǎo)性激素較高，而含皮質(zhì)醇較低。
What does that mean?
這意味著什么呢？
That means power is also about how you react to stress.
這意味著，力量還與你如何應(yīng)對(duì)壓力有關(guān)。
Once we did an experiment.
我們做過一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment.
我們決定帶一些人走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室做個(gè)小實(shí)驗(yàn)。
These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses.
這些人有的擺出強(qiáng)有力的姿勢(shì)，有的擺出無(wú)力的姿勢(shì)，時(shí)長(zhǎng)都是2分鐘。
We, for two minutes, say, "You need to do this or this."
“你需要擺出這個(gè)姿勢(shì)或這個(gè)姿勢(shì)。”這句話我們說(shuō)了2分鐘。
And we also want them to be feeling power.
我們還想讓他們感受到力量。
So after two minutes we will ask them "How powerful do you feel?" on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble.
因此，2分鐘后，我們會(huì)就一系列的事項(xiàng)問他們：“你們感覺有多少力量？”，然后我們給他們一個(gè)賭博的機(jī)會(huì)。
Before and after the experiment, we take their samples of saliva for a hormone test.
實(shí)驗(yàn)前后，我們?nèi)∷麄兊耐僖簶颖具M(jìn)行激素試驗(yàn)。
That's the whole experiment.
這就是整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過程。
And this is what we have found -- risk tolerance, which is gambling.
這就是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果——風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承受能力，也就是賭博。
What we find is that when you're in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will gamble.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)你擺出強(qiáng)有力的姿勢(shì)時(shí)，你有86%的可能性會(huì)賭博。
When you're in the low-power pose condition, it's down to only 60 percent, and that's a pretty significant difference.
當(dāng)你擺出無(wú)力的姿勢(shì)時(shí)，這個(gè)百分比會(huì)下降到僅60%，這是一個(gè)非常顯著的差異。
