1. Meanwhile, Oliver Cromwell and the "Rump" declared England a commonwealth. In December 1653,by an Instrument of Government, he became Lord Protector of the commonwealth of England.
克倫威爾用“小議會”取代“殘余國會”，1653.12，根據《施政文件》，他成了英格蘭共和國護國會。

2. The Parliament thus elected in 1660 resolved the crisis by asking the late king's son to return from his long exile in France as king CharlesⅡ. The Restoration as it was called, was relatively smooth.
1660年選出的議會要求上任國王的兒子從長期流亡的法國回國做查爾斯二世，從而解決叻危機，所謂王權復辟相對平和。

3. Te Eglish politicians rejected JamesⅡ, and appealed to a protestant king, William of Orange to invade and take the English throne. This take-over became known as the Glorious Revolution.
英國政客反對詹姆斯二世。他們呼吁新教的國王，奧蘭治親王威廉入侵英國奪取王位。這就是“光榮革命”。

4. William and Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights which confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy. Thus the age of constitutioned monarchy of a monarchy.
威廉和瑪麗共同接受了《權利法案》，此法案確立了議會權利至高無上的原則，議會限制王權的君主立憲制時代開始了。

5. It was during Anne's reign that the name great Britain came into being when in 1707, the Act of Union united England and Scotland.
正是安妮統治的1707年，大不列顛這個名稱產生，《聯合法》把英格蘭和蘇格蘭統一起來。