Chapter 7

Government and Administration

英國(guó)政府機(jī)構(gòu)

I.General knowledge

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty's Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.

聯(lián)合王國(guó)是君主立憲制國(guó)家,國(guó)家的首腦是國(guó)王或女王。聯(lián)合王國(guó)以君的名義,由國(guó)王或女王陛下政府治理。英國(guó)的議會(huì)制度并不是基于成文憲

法,英國(guó)憲法不由單一文件構(gòu)成,而由成文法,習(xí)慣法和慣例組成。司法部門(mén)裁定習(xí)慣法或解釋成文法。

Constitutional monarchy 君主立憲制

The British monarchy is known as constitutional monarchy. It means the monarchy's power are limited by law and Parliament. The monarchy actually has no ral power. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.英國(guó)的君主體制是以君主立憲聞名的。君主政體實(shí)際已無(wú)實(shí)權(quán)。它的權(quán)力受限于法律和議會(huì)。君主立憲制是從1688年的光榮革命后開(kāi)始。

II．The Monarchy君主制

1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith."

伊莉莎白二世，她的全稱(chēng)是“伊莉莎白二世承蒙大布列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)以及她的其他領(lǐng)土和領(lǐng)地的上帝之恩典，女王，英聯(lián)邦元首，共同信仰的保護(hù)者。”

2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the "supreme governor" of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.

女王是國(guó)家的象征。從法律上講，她是行政首腦，立法機(jī)構(gòu)的組成部分，司法首腦，全國(guó)武裝部隊(duì)總司令，英國(guó)國(guó)教“至高無(wú)上”的領(lǐng)袖。她任命首相和重要的政府官員。對(duì)議會(huì)通過(guò)的法案給予御準(zhǔn)。