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Cases of influenza, a viral infection affecting the human respiratory system, have been on the rise since December.
流感（influenza）是一種影響人類呼吸系統的病毒感染，自去年12月以來，流感病例一直在上升。
The positivity rate among people visiting hospitals with flu-like symptoms rose 6.2 percent during the week ending Dec 29 compared with the week before, according to data released earlier this month by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
根據中國疾病預防控制中心本月早些時候發布的數據，在截至12月29日的一周內，與前一周相比，有流感樣癥狀就診的人的陽性率上升了6.2%。
“The prevalence of flu in northern provinces is more severe, but the overall level is lower than what was seen during the same period of the last flu season,” said the China CDC.
中國疾病預防控制中心表示：“北方省份的流感流行更為嚴重，但總體水平低于上個流感季節同期的水平。”
Official data showed that the influenza A virus is responsible for more than 99 percent of positive flu cases nationwide. For the week ending Dec 29, about 99.7 percent of flu patients were infected by the strain.
近期，流感高發，據中國疾控中心最新數據，目前流感病毒陽性率 (positive rate) 持續上升，其中99%以上為甲流，流行株以A（H1N1）pdm09亞型為主。
Influenza A, commonly known as "flu A", is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza A virus. It is highly contagious, prone to mutation, being the major cause of widespread outbreaks. Almost every influenza pandemic has been caused by the influenza A virus, with a distinct seasonal pattern of onset.
甲型流感，簡稱“甲流”，是由甲型流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道傳染病。甲流傳染性強、容易發生變異，常導致大范圍流行，幾乎每次流感大流行都是由甲型流感病毒引起，且發病季節特征明顯。
Typical symptoms include high fever, headache, fatigue, often followed by muscle aches. Although Influenza A has a certain self-limiting nature, it can lead to other complications, including severe conditions such as pneumonia, otitis media, myocarditis, and meningitis.
患者的典型癥狀包括為高燒、頭痛、乏力，且伴有全身肌肉酸痛等。盡管甲流有一定自限性，但容易引起其他并發癥，包括肺炎、中耳炎、心肌炎、腦膜炎等嚴重并發癥。
Cold is caused by various pathogens like rhinoviruses. It is less contagious, has no distinct seasonal pattern, with symptoms concerning nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and coughing. In common cases, it does not cause fever or only result in a low-grade fever, with no systemic symptoms. The common cold generally resolves on its own within 5 to 7 days and rarely leads to complications.
與之相比，普通感冒則是由鼻病毒等多種病原體導致，傳染性弱，發病沒有明顯的季節特征，癥狀表現為鼻塞、流涕、噴嚏、咳嗽等，一般不發熱或僅有低熱，沒有全身性癥狀，5至7天即可自愈，很少有并發癥出現。
The drug baloxavir marboxil, sold under the brand name Xofluza, is approved for use among adults, as well as children age 5 and above. While the original market price per strip of Xofluza, comprising two 20 milligram tablets, is 222 yuan ($30) in China, the prescription drug is currently being sold at over 300 yuan on some e-commerce platforms.
隨著流感感染人數增多，抗流感藥物的銷售量也持續攀升，其中，一種名為速福達（瑪巴洛沙韋）(baloxavir marboxil)的藥物引發了搶購熱潮，甚至有藥店定價高達300元。由于只需一次服藥即可快速緩解流感癥狀，速福達被不少人稱為“抗流感神藥”。
Speaking about the surging demand for Xofluza, Sun Boyang, a pharmacist at Peking University People's Hospital, said that compared with another common flu medication called oseltamivir, baloxavir marboxil is easier to administer.
北京大學人民醫院藥學部藥師孫博洋解釋，奧司他韋和瑪巴洛沙韋（速福達）同為抗病毒藥物，目前均被證實可用于治療甲型和乙型流感感染。與另一種常見的流感藥物奧司他韋（oseltamivir）相比，巴洛昔韋（baloxavir marboxil）更容易管理。
While oseltamivir—sold under the common brand name Tamiflu—is usually prescribed for five consecutive days, with a daily dosage of two tablets, Xofluza only needs to be administered once throughout the entire course of illness.
速福達只需一次服用即可完成整個療程，而奧司他韋則需要每日服用兩次，連續服用五天。
Wang Quan, a physician at Capital Medical University's Beijing Children's Hospital, said that any antiviral medication is most effective when administered within 48 hours of a confirmed infection.
首都醫科大學附屬北京兒童醫院的王泉指出，由于流感病毒在體內復制速度快，建議在感染初期的48小時內用藥，以獲得最佳治療效果。
As some concerned parents are stocking up on the relatively newer antiviral medication in anticipation of a drug shortage, Sun said that children infected with the flu virus should first be taken to a hospital for evaluation, and Xofluza should be administered only under professional guidance.
針對部分家長自行購藥給孩子服用的情況，孫博洋提醒，嬰幼兒感染后應優先就醫，在醫生指導下合理用藥。
Pregnant or lactating women should also take special precautions while using this antiviral medication, the pharmacist added.
此外，對于妊娠期和哺乳期患者，用藥安全問題也需格外注意。
記者：王小予
編輯：左卓
實習生：張芷菡
來源：中國日報 央廣網 中國疾控中心 沈陽之聲
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