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A new study has revealed that the iconic bronze-winged lion in St Mark's Square, Venice, may have originated in 8th-century China.
一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，威尼斯圣馬可廣場(chǎng)的標(biāo)志性青銅飛獅“威尼斯之獅”可能起源于8世紀(jì)的中國(guó)。
The discovery comes from a multidisciplinary team of experts in geology, chemistry, archaeology, and art history from the University of Padua, the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, and the International Association for Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (Ismeo).
這是一個(gè)由意大利地質(zhì)學(xué)家、考古學(xué)家、化學(xué)家和藝術(shù)史學(xué)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
Over the centuries, the lion has undergone several restorations. In the 1790s, Napoleon looted the statue and transported it to Paris, where it was damaged during its return to Venice in 1815. The Venetian sculptor Bartolomeo Ferrari restored the statue, making additions like the lead book beneath its paws, while retaining most of the original structure.
幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，獅子經(jīng)歷了幾次修復(fù)。在18世紀(jì)90年代，拿破侖掠奪了雕像并將其運(yùn)到巴黎，在1815年歸還威尼斯的過(guò)程中遭到破壞。威尼斯雕塑家巴爾托洛梅奧·法拉利(Bartolomeo Ferrari)對(duì)雕像進(jìn)行了修復(fù)，在保留了大部分原始結(jié)構(gòu)的同時(shí)，在雕像的爪子下面增加了一些東西，比如鉛書(shū)。
During the last thirty-five years, the archives of lead isotope chemical data have expanded enormously, explained Massimo Vidale, an archaeologist at the University of Padua and promoter of the study, so it seemed appropriate to try to see where the lead isotopic signature of the three samples fell.
帕多瓦大學(xué)(University of Padua)的考古學(xué)家、該研究的發(fā)起人馬西莫·維達(dá)爾(Massimo Vidale)解釋說(shuō)，在過(guò)去的35年里，鉛同位素化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)的檔案已經(jīng)大大擴(kuò)展，因此，試圖找出這三個(gè)樣本的鉛同位素特征落在哪里似乎是合適的。
Through advanced metallurgical analysis, the team discovered that a significant portion of the bronze used in the lion came from the lower Yangtze River basin in southeastern China, and it was likely cast during the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
專家團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)先進(jìn)的冶金分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩份中心部位樣本和中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江中下游的礦物高度吻合。這座飛獅使用的青銅很大一部分來(lái)自中國(guó)東南部的長(zhǎng)江下游流域，很可能是在唐代 (公元618-907年) 鑄造的。
Researchers found that the lion shares several design features with zhenmushou, or "tomb guardian" figures, typical of the Tang Dynasty.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這只獅子與唐代典型的“鎮(zhèn)墓獸”有幾個(gè)共同的設(shè)計(jì)特征。
These guardian sculptures, often placed at tomb gates to ward off evil spirits, had distinct characteristics that mirror those of the St Mark's lion. For instance, the lion's wide nostrils, upturned mustache, wide-open mouth with prominent canines, and truncated orbital sockets, where horns or antlers were once mounted, are all common features of zhenmushou statues. The lion’s ears also appear to have been modified to make them look more like those of a typical lion, rather than the pointed ears seen on zhenmushou.
這些守護(hù)雕像通常被放置在墓門口，以抵御邪惡的靈魂，它們具有鮮明的特征，反映了圣馬可獅子的特征。例如，獅子的大鼻孔，上翹的胡須，大張的嘴，突出的犬齒，截?cái)嗟难劭簦?jīng)安裝角或鹿角，都是真木壽雕像的共同特征。獅子的耳朵似乎也經(jīng)過(guò)了修改，使它們看起來(lái)更像一只典型的獅子，而不是在鎮(zhèn)墓獸上看到的尖耳朵。
The circumstances of its arrival remain mysterious, with some speculating that the lion could have been brought to Venice by Marco Polo's father, Nicolò, and his uncle, Maffeo, who visited the Mongol court in Beijing between 1264 and 1266. Others believe it may have arrived earlier, perhaps during a time of intense trade along the Silk Road.
它到達(dá)威尼斯的具體情況仍然是個(gè)謎，有人猜測(cè)這只獅子可能是由馬可·波羅的父親Nicolò和他的叔叔Maffeo帶到威尼斯的，他們?cè)?264年到1266年之間參觀了北京的蒙古宮廷。其他人認(rèn)為它可能更早到達(dá)，也許是在絲綢之路貿(mào)易激烈的時(shí)期。
編輯：左卓
見(jiàn)習(xí)編輯：黎霈融
實(shí)習(xí)生：劉書(shū)瑞
來(lái)源：環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào) 英國(guó)那些事兒 Finestre sull'Arte雜志 考古新聞
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