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Eligible impairments
符合殘疾標準
The first component of the Paralympic classification is identifying the eligible impairments. In order to participate in the Paralympic Games, Para athletes must have at least one of the following ten impairments as outlined by the International Paralympic Committee:
殘奧會運動員分級的第一個要求是符合殘疾標準。參加殘奧會的殘疾人運動員必須至少有國際殘奧委員會規定的以下十種殘障之一：
Impaired muscle power
肌力受損
Impaired passive range of movement
被動活動范圍受損
（注：物理醫學與康復名詞，由外力使關節活動時所通過的運動弧）
Limb deficiency
肢體殘缺
Leg length difference
雙下肢不等長
Short stature
矮小癥
Hypertonia (excessive muscle tone in arms or legs that lead to difficulty in movement)
張力過強（手臂或腿部肌肉張力過大，導致運動困難）
Ataxia (a disorder of the nervous system affecting coordination, balance and speech)
共濟失調（一種影響協調、平衡和語言功能的神經系統紊亂）
Athetosis (movement dysfunction such as involuntary writhing of the limbs)
手足徐動癥（運動功能障礙，如四肢不自主扭動）
Vision impairment
視力障礙
Intellectual impairment
智力障礙
Some events, like the football 5-a-side or goalball, are only open to athletes who have a vision impairment. Other sports like swimming are open to athletes with any of the 10 impairments.
部分項目，如殘奧會5人制足球或門球只允許視力障礙運動員參加。游泳等其他運動項目允許符合上述10種殘疾狀況中任意一種的運動員參加。
Sport classes
體育項目分級
The second component of classification is determining how much an impairment affects the performance of each athlete. Because the severity of these conditions vary from person to person, this secondary classification system is used so that athletes will be grouped with competitors who have similar degrees of impairment, thus minimizing unfair disadvantages.
殘奧會運動員分級的第二個標準是確定一種身體障礙對運動員的表現有多大影響。由于這些殘疾情況的嚴重程度因人而異，因此殘奧會采用了這種二級分類系統，以便將具有相近殘障程度的運動員歸為一組，從而最大限度地保證公平。
Visually impaired athletes, for instance, are divided into three different classes (B1, B2 or B3) based on the clarity of their vision and degree of light perception. Football 5-a-side is limited to athletes who meet the criteria of the B1 sport class, where they have a very low level of clarity and/or no light perception. Goalball, on the other hand, is open to visually impaired athletes of all three classes, but requires all players to wear eye shades when competing.
例如，視障運動員根據其視力的清晰度和光感程度被分為三個不同的等級（B1、B2或B3）。5人制足球僅限滿足B1級別標準的運動員參賽。B1級別運動員的視力清晰度非常低，且/或無光感。而門球對所有三個級別的視障運動員開放，但要求所有運動員在比賽時戴上眼罩。
Other sports like athletics, which are open to athletes with any of the ten impairments, will feature even more classes to include athletes from every category as well as different degrees of impairment. Each of the classes under every category will have its own medal event.
其他體育項目，如田徑項目面向有上述10種殘疾的運動員，將分為更多小項，從而將各種殘疾以及殘障程度不同的運動員包含在內。各項目類別下的每個級別小項都設有獎牌。
In some respects, these sport classes can be likened to the weight classes in boxing and judo at the Olympic Games. Just like different weight categories help determine level of fairness in tournaments, the sport classes ensure that the athletes' strength and tactical ability, rather than their physical characteristics, are highlighted during the competition.
在某些方面，殘奧會體育項目分級與奧運會拳擊和柔道的重量分級類似。正如劃分不同重量級別有助于確保比賽公平一樣，體育項目分級確保在比賽中突出運動員的技術和戰術，而不是他們的身體條件。
Through this system, the Paralympics can maximize the number of participants, break down barriers and award recognition to athletes based on their extraordinary levels of skill, endurance and mental focus.
通過這個系統，可以最大限度地讓更多運動員參加殘奧會，打破壁壘，并根據運動員非凡的技術水平、耐力和精神專注度給予他們認可。
