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5、Punt Civilization
龐特文明
A popular trading partner with ancient Egypt, the land of Punt (pronounced “poont”) was famous for producing incense, ebony, and gold. Scholars differ on where they believe the civilization was, with a range from South Africa all the way up the coast to the Middle East. Even though the Egyptians wrote extensively on the land and its people, they never bothered to actually say where it was.
A lot of our knowledge of Punt comes from the reign of Hatshepsut, the famed female pharaoh who ruled Egypt during the 15th century B.C. Reliefs in her mortuary temple contain information on a rather large trade expedition to Punt, as well as more specific details, like pictures of beehive-shaped houses on stilts. A scene showing Hatshepsut receiving wondrous gifts from the exotic land is also carved into the temple walls. Unfortunately, no actual archaeological evidence showing the location of Punt has ever been found, although there have been numerous Egyptian artifacts inscribed with the civilization’s name, giving scholars hope that Punt might one day be unearthed.
作為古埃及的貿易伙伴，龐特以生產焚香、烏木和金子為主。學者對于文明的起源地有很大的爭議，爭議范圍包括非洲南部到中東地區。即使埃及人詳細地記敘了龐特文明和它的人民，也沒有確定地描述龐特到底在哪里。很多關于龐特的記敘來自于公元前15世紀埃及著名的女法老哈特謝普蘇特統治時期。在她神廟的浮雕上展示了與龐特大量繁華的貿易往來，還有一些特別的信息，比如蜂窩狀的房子。神廟里，有一個浮雕展示了哈特謝普蘇特從異邦獲贈了大量的禮物。不幸的是，沒有任何確切的考古證據表明龐特的位置，即便有大量的埃及藝術作品記錄下了文明的名字，也給與學者一個希望，那就是龐特文明終有一天會被發現。
