Consistently, Thatcher’s sceptics took the side of those, such as Nigel Lawson, Geoffrey Howe and John Major, who favoured “shadowing” the Deutschmark and then pegging the sterling-Mark exchange rate.
Having been dragged kicking and screaming into the ERM in October 1990, Thatcher denounced the Delors plan for a federal Europe with a defiant “No! No! No!” – one “no” apiece for the European parliament, government and senate he envisaged. Just weeks later, deserted by her cabinet colleagues, she was forced to resign.
1990年10月不情愿地加入歐洲匯率機制(ERM)之后,撒切爾堅決對德洛爾(Delors)的歐洲聯邦計劃說“不,不,不”——這三個“不”,分別是對德洛爾設想的歐洲議會、政府以及參議院說的。就在幾周之后,由于被內閣同僚舍棄,撒切爾被迫辭職。