7. Age of Invention 發(fā)明時代 （1870-1890）

These two decades saw the invention of electric light, alternating current, the telephone, automobile, steam turbine, gas turbine, water heater, transformer, arc welding, phonograph and seismograph; development of vaccination and surgical techniques; Boltzmann’s development of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; production of radio waves; the birth of the environmental conservation movement; and artworks by Rodin, Monet, Brahms, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, Eliot, Chekhov and Twain.

這二十年見證了電燈、交流電、電話、汽車、蒸汽渦輪、瓦斯渦輪、熱水器、變壓器、電弧焊、照片和地震儀的發(fā)明；疫苗接種和外科手術(shù)的發(fā)展；玻爾茲曼熱力學和統(tǒng)計力學的發(fā)展；無線電波的使用；環(huán)保行動的誕生；羅丁、莫奈、勃拉姆斯、陀斯妥也夫斯基、托爾斯泰、埃利奧特、契訶夫和馬克吐翁的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作。