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The catastrophe of the mutiny threw into crisis all the old ideas about how the empire should be run.
這場災難般的叛亂顛覆了過去有關帝國擴張方式的舊思想。
What shape it would take in the future divided opinion.
對未來的大英帝國如何發展，大家意見不一。
And those divisions were personified by the great Punch and Judy of politics in the second half of Victoria's century, Disraeli and Gladstone.
這種分歧在兩個人身上體現得尤為明顯，他們是維多利亞時代后半個世紀政界的潘趣與朱迪，迪斯雷利和格拉斯頓。
They'd slug it out for decades, their views on imperial power as conflicting as their personal and political styles.
他們明爭暗斗了幾十年，兩人不僅對帝國權力的觀點不同，個性和從政風格也大相徑庭。
The man who gave the British a real appetite for empire was, of course, Benjamin Disraeli.
真正讓英國人有帝國之夢的當然是本杰明·迪斯雷利。
His whole career, from taking on and tearing down the venerated leader of the Tory party, Sir Robert Peel, to taking the reins of that party, was one long virtuoso exercise in improbability,
他的人生，從交鋒到推翻托利黨受人敬仰的領袖羅伯特·皮爾爵士、全面掌控托利黨，是難以企及的大師級成就，
and the most improbable feat of all was to make the exotic, starting with himself, domestic, national, patriotic.
其中最不可思議的壯舉就是令包括自己在內的外族人在這里找到歸屬感，樹立起國民意識和愛國心。
When Macaulay had made his maiden speech, arguing for the admission of Jews to parliament, it's unlikely he could ever have imagined that one would lead the Tories in the next generation.
麥考萊在議會的第一次演講便是為猶太人爭取議員席位，當時他一定想不到，僅一代之隔，猶太人就成為托利黨的領袖了。
"Dizzy" was in fact a baptised Jew, a romantic novelist who compensated for his lack of aristocratic pedigree, or commercial fortune, by being the attack dog of a party not famous for verbal brilliance in the House.
迪斯雷利其實是一位受過洗禮的猶太人，他是浪漫派小說家，既沒有貴族血統，也沒有萬貫家財，為彌補這兩點，他在這個不以辭令著稱的黨派充當了毒舌的角色。
And he took one look at how politics was conducted in mid-Victorian Britain and saw that something was missing.
他對維多利亞中期的英國政界進行了一番研究，發現這里缺少一樣東西。
That something was what he called imagination. What does a politician do with imagination?
他稱之為"想象力"。想象力怎么會和政治家聯系在一起？
In the hands of a mere showman, not a lot, but behind the parliamentary performer, the flamboyant wag in the cherry-red waistcoats and the glossy curls, was a political tactician of pure genius, someone who could take imagination and turn it into power.
對于政治小丑，的確無關，但身著櫻桃紅馬甲，披著光鮮的卷發，在議會上逢場作戲、喜歡插科打諢的政客背后，是有著真才實學的政治謀略家，他可以把想象力轉化成執政力量。
Disraeli's appeal was being not Gladstone, not being the high-minded, morally-driven do-gooder.
迪斯雷利的理念不同于格拉斯頓，既不做圣人，也不當衛道士和空想社會改良家。
When Queen Victoria complained she hated being "Addressed like a public meeting" By Gladstone, she voiced the irritation of millions of her subjects.
當維多利亞女王抱怨她討厭被格拉斯頓當成說教對象時，也道出了百萬臣民的不滿之情。
How the two of them spent their hours tells you everything.
他們倆消磨時間的方式說明了一切。
Gladstone, when he allowed himself time off from the despatch boxes, unbuttoning his cuffs and chopping down trees at Hawarden, his estate in Flintshire.
格拉斯頓在不處理政務的時候會卷起袖子到哈瓦登砍樹，哈瓦登是他在弗林特郡的產業。
Disraeli, on working days at Hughenden, his house near High Wycombe, strolled the terrace, amidst his peacocks,
迪斯雷利的家在休恩登，靠近海威考姆勃，他在那里工作的時候，會在養著孔雀的花園里散步，
and then perused the odd document or two between daydreams in the study, where "I like to watch "the sunbeams on the bindings on the books".
時而在做白日夢的間隙在書房研讀一兩份書籍，他曾這樣說道，“我喜歡看著陽光投射到書脊之上”。
Like the master psychologist he was, Disraeli had cottoned onto the insight,
作為一名心理學專家，迪斯雷利洞悉一個真理，
so obvious to us but rather shocking to the Victorians, that in the dawning age of mass politics, not everyone wanted to be political;
我們對此習以為常，維多利亞時期的人卻難以理解，那就是在大眾政治萌發初期并非所有人都想參與政治，
that rather than struggle relentlessly to be good, many people would be happier to have good done for them.
比起為之奮起而爭，許多人更喜歡坐享其成。
The new voter might actually prefer physical betterment over the moral regeneration the Liberals were always going on about,
新的選民事實上也許更青睞實際的好處，而不是道德的重塑，而這往往是自由主義者的追求，
might want to opt for the kind of things that Disraeli's government would give them: Better food, cleaner water and the gaudy oompah of empire over the pious cant of liberty.
他們更傾向于選擇迪斯雷利的政府能夠提供的東西：更好的食物，更干凈的水，金碧輝煌的帝國，而不是崇高偉大的自由。
In Disraeli's vision for post-mutiny India, the Queen would rule as Empress, and Britain would swerve sharply away from Macaulay's wishful thinking that the best thing for Indians would be to turn them into brown Englishmen.
在迪斯雷利的設想中，叛亂平息后的印度，女王即位印度女皇，英國應立即拋棄麥考萊一廂情愿的想法，他認為印度人最好的出路就是成為棕色皮膚的英國人。
Let them instead be Indians and be delivered to the tender care of sahib fathers, the Viceroys and their teams of prefects,
而迪斯雷利認為應讓他們繼續做印度人，把他們交給當地的官員，總督及其官員梯隊管理，
the district commissioners, magistrates and collectors, who in return for their children being good boys and girls, would promise to deliver peace, good health and a bowl of rice.
包括區行政長官、地方法官和稅務官，這些人為了后輩能有美好的生活，必然能帶來和平、健康和糧食。
