評(píng)論
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The journey to the guillotine and a world war would start with the dreams of a philosopher. But not any old philosopher.
這條通向斷頭臺(tái)和世界大戰(zhàn)的道路，起點(diǎn)卻是一位哲學(xué)家的夢(mèng)想。一位非凡的哲學(xué)家。
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who was buried here at Ermenonville, just outside Paris, reshaped the mental habits of an entire generation, turning them from creatures of thought to creatures of feeling.
在緊鄰巴黎市的阿蒙農(nóng)維拉市，讓·雅克·盧梭長(zhǎng)眠于此，重新塑造了整整一代人的思維習(xí)慣，使他們由倡導(dǎo)理性變?yōu)槌珜?dǎo)情感。
Before Rousseau, the highest compliment you could pay anybody was to say they were reasonable.
在盧梭之前，對(duì)一個(gè)人的最高贊美是說(shuō)這個(gè)人很理智。
After Rousseau, the compliment became, "Il a de l'ame" -- he has soul.
而在盧梭之后，這個(gè)贊美變成了，“他有靈魂。”
And the British couldn't get enough of it.
英國(guó)人對(duì)他甚是推崇。
In the spring of 1766, Rousseau, on the run from enemies, real and imagined, pitched up in Staffordshire.
1766年的春季，為了逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的和臆想中的迫害，盧梭搬去了斯塔福德郡居住。
Richard Davenport moved out of his country house in the village of Wooton, so that the great man could have a comfortable asylum in which to commune with nature to his heart's content.
理查德·達(dá)文波特因此遷出了在伍頓村的鄉(xiāng)間宅第，為這位偉人提供了舒適的庇護(hù)所，使他能隱居其中隨心所欲與自然交流。
Rousseau could have been forgiven for expecting a warm welcome.
盧梭受到如此熱烈的歡迎也并不為過(guò)。
His two most famous books, "Emile", a manual on natural education -- no books before twelve, thinly disguised as a novel --
他最出名的兩本書(shū)，《愛(ài)彌兒》，這本"自然教育"手冊(cè)，提倡12歲前不應(yīng)讀書(shū)，稍加掩飾寫(xiě)成了小說(shuō)，
and -- the weepier the age -- "The New Heloise", featuring forbidden love between tutor and pupil, were smash hits among the sobbing and sighing classes.
還有越老越催淚的《新愛(ài)洛漪絲》，描寫(xiě)了家庭教師與學(xué)生間的禁忌之愛(ài)，在長(zhǎng)吁短嘆的貴族階級(jí)中紅極一時(shí)。
At a distance, Rousseau may have been popular. But close up, he was a paranoid.
遠(yuǎn)觀起來(lái)，盧梭可能很受歡迎。但近看，他卻是個(gè)疑神疑鬼的偏執(zhí)狂。
And in Derbyshire, he became convinced the servants were putting cinders in his soup.
在德比郡，他固執(zhí)地認(rèn)為仆人在他湯里摻礦渣。
In 1768, after more imagined slights, he left England. But his ideas stayed and put down deep roots among the book-crazy gentry.
1768年，經(jīng)歷更多臆想后，盧梭離開(kāi)了英國(guó)。但他的觀念卻留了下來(lái)并扎根于愛(ài)書(shū)如命的紳士們腦海之中。
Men like Brooke Boothby, one of his Derbyshire neighbours who had himself painted by the local genius Joseph Wright as a man of feeling, in tune with the rhythms of nature.
比如他在德比郡的一個(gè)鄰居，布魯克·布思比，就令當(dāng)?shù)氐奶觳女?huà)家約瑟夫·賴特把他畫(huà)作一位與大自然和諧一致而富有情感的人。
What appealed to men and women of feeling in the English provinces was Rousseau's belief that urbanity, the graces of city life,
對(duì)英國(guó)上下崇尚情感主義的男女們別具吸引力的是，盧梭認(rèn)為，優(yōu)雅而文質(zhì)彬彬的都市生活，
were symptoms of everything that was rotten about the old world, the cosmetic mask behind which lurked the poxy disfigurement of a deceitful, vicious, terminally-diseased culture.
正是舊社會(huì)腐朽的糟粕所在，是遮蓋病態(tài)畸形的面具，掩飾了一個(gè)虛偽陰險(xiǎn)、病入膏肓的社會(huì)。
The antidote was to scrub away the mask and restore grown men and women to their true nature, the simplicity of a child.
而要治愈這病態(tài)的社會(huì)，就得揭去這層面具，讓成年男女回歸自然本性，找回孩童時(shí)的純真無(wú)邪。
Childhood was where Rousseau's revolution began. If it was to be properly preserved, the true nature of children had to be nourished, literally, from the breast.
盧梭的教育改革正是由童年開(kāi)始。要想完好地保護(hù)孩童的天性，就必須由哺乳期開(kāi)始，對(duì)其加以滋養(yǎng)呵護(hù)。
Since babies took their moral as well as their physical sustenance from their mother's milk, it had better be their own mother's milk.
嬰兒不僅要從母乳中汲取養(yǎng)分，孩子的德育教育也要靠母親的言傳身教，所以最好母乳喂養(yǎng)。
Professional wet nurses might contaminate them with vice and disease. So the virtuous, wholesomely patriotic life began at the nursing nipple.
雇傭職業(yè)乳母則可能導(dǎo)致孩子道德敗壞或是沾染疾病。所以良好的品德和積極向上的生活就由哺乳開(kāi)始。
