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Villages were burned to the ground, captured men hanged or shot. Cattle were stolen, thousands driven from their homes.
村莊被夷為平地，俘虜被屠殺。牲口被掠奪，成千上萬的人流離失所。
Even the wearing of Highland dress was banned, in an effort to strip the clans not just of their possessions, but of their identity.
甚至連穿高地風格的衣服都被禁止，這不僅僅對部落財產上剝奪，更是從根源上消滅他們。
The hopes and dreams of the Jacobites had to live in the secret world of things now,
詹姆斯二世黨人的希望與夢想不得不從此轉入地下，
things that could be hidden or disguised -- a lock of Bonnie Prince Charlie's hair or the mysterious emblems engraved on wine glasses.
一切相關的東西都被隱藏或偽裝起來，比如美王子查理的一綹頭發，亦或是雕刻在酒杯上的神秘圖案。
Take a look at this board for example. At first sight, it seems an indecipherable smudge of paint.
比如我們來看一看這塊木板。乍一看，這似乎是塊很難辨認的畫漬。
But if you look at it the right way -- reflected against the silvered mirror of a cylinder, it turns into The Lost Love, the boy born to be king, the saviour across the water.
但若用對了方法看，在圓筒鍍銀鏡的反射下，它變成了失落的愛，我們的小王子，來自大洋彼岸的救世主。
Unhappily for the keepers of the Jacobite flame, Charles Edward in exile went rapidly downhill.
對于詹姆斯二世黨人來說更不幸的消息是，流亡中的查理斯·愛德華身體每況愈下。
Too many mistresses, far too much drink, years of indolence, made him prematurely decrepit.
由于沉迷酒色，荒淫無度，常年好逸惡勞，導致他過早衰老。
But the romantic myth of the bonnie prince Charlie, would survive the wreckage of his real history.
無論真實的歷史如何猙獰，關于王子的浪漫傳說會繼續流傳。
It would live in the poems and popular ballads, where he would always be the dashing, charismatic boy prince.
他將永遠活在詩歌和民謠之中，在那里他永遠是瀟灑迷人的小王子。
But Jacobitism as a political force was spent.
詹姆斯二世黨人大勢已去。
In the decades following Culloden, a transformation would take place in Scotland.
在卡洛登戰役之后的幾十年里，蘇格蘭經歷了翻天覆地的變化。
The Jacobite warriors who'd been unable to break Britannia were given an alternative to returning to their old obsessions of clan loyalty, join the future, join the army of the British Empire.
由于詹姆斯二世黨軍隊無法撼動大不列顛的統治，他們面對兩個選擇，要么繼續回到過去的氏族社會，要么順應大勢加入英國皇家軍隊。
Many thousands took the offer. Instead of being the perennial victims of that empire, they now colonised it.
大部分人都選擇了后者。與其成為過去王朝的受害者，還不如開拓新的生活。
In the cities, too, a new Scotland was being born.
在城市里，一個嶄新的蘇格蘭正在誕生。
In just 20 years or so after Culloden, it became common to refer to Edinburgh and Glasgow as hotbeds of genius.
在卡洛登戰役之后的20年時間里，人們常常把愛丁堡和格拉斯哥稱為天才的搖籃。
The collapse of the backward-looking cult of honour made room for the flowering of the forward-looking cult of modernity.
當過去被盲目崇拜的榮耀不復存在時，人們開始向往美好的未來。
In the academies, drawing rooms and reading clubs of Scottish cities, hopeless dreams were replaced by the appetite for hard facts and hard cash.
在蘇格蘭各城市的各個學院、畫室、閱覽室里，絕望的夢想都被對現實與金錢的強烈欲望所代替。
The first British theory of progress was sketched out by Scottish philosophers like Adam Ferguson and David Hume.
英國的第一個進步理論就是由像亞當·費格森和大衛·休莫這些蘇格蘭哲學家提出的。
They looked at their own country's tragedy and saw in its history the entire arc of human social evolution,
他們審視自己祖國的悲慘命運，縱觀整個人類社會的進化歷史，
from hunting and gathering societies to settled farmers and, finally, to true civilisation -- the world of commerce, science and industry, the world of the towns.
從狩獵和采集社會到穩定的農業社會，最終到真正的文明社會，一個充滿商業化、科學化、工業化，充滿城市化氣息的世界。
It was another Scot, Robert Adam, who became the first British king of architectural style.
另一位蘇格蘭人羅伯特·亞當，則成為了大不列顛建筑史的開創者。
Less than 20 years after Bonnie Prince Charlie had retreated from Derby, a different Scottish conqueror came back to Derbyshire and, this time, he was invincible.
在美王子查理從德比郡撤離后不到20年的時間里，另一位蘇格蘭的"征服者"來到了德比郡，而這一次，他所向披靡。
At Kedleston Hall, Robert Adam built in a new style for a new kind of aristocrat.
在凱德爾斯頓莊園，羅伯特·亞當為一群新貴族們創造了一種全新建筑風格。
Its owner, the first Lord Scarsdale, was a true new Briton -- rich, not just from land, but from the coal mines of Derbyshire.
這個建筑的主人斯卡德爾勛爵，是真正的英國新貴族--富有，不僅僅擁有土地，還擁有德比郡的煤礦資源。
What he wanted was a house that would not overpower the visitor with vulgar displays of swaggering wealth,
他所想要的不是一座依靠對財富庸俗的炫耀來征服參觀者的建筑，
but somewhere that would speak of Roman grandeur, of noble classical austerity, of loftiness of mind, of purity of taste, a palace of contemplation, a temple of virtue.
而是有著羅馬式風格的宏偉、高貴、經典而樸實，并有著崇高精神和正統風格的一座令人深思的宮殿，代表美德的圣堂。
Could the accumulation of private riches be a force for general happiness?
私有財產的積累能否給人們帶來普遍的幸福？
The Scot who made the deepest mark on the future of Britain certainly thought so.
這位在大不列顛未來發展道路上留下深深足跡的蘇格蘭人當然是這么想的。
In 1746, while the last survivors of Cumberland's butchery were being hunted down, Adam Smith, son of a customs officer, had an exhilarating vision of the future.
在1746年，在經歷坎伯蘭大屠殺后仍被追殺的唯一幸存者亞當·史密斯，一位海關官員的兒子，對未來有個美好的憧憬。
That vision was based on Smith's rejection of guilt and sin.
那種憧憬是建立在他摒棄罪惡感的基礎上。
But it would his revolutionary book, "The Wealth of Nations", which would mark Scotland's farewell to sentimental self-destruction.
但在他那本具有革命性的著作，《國富論》，標志著蘇格蘭徹底擺脫了自我滅亡的命運。
Upbeat and optimistic about the happiness of material life, Smith laid out, as a matter of scientific fact, mankind's natural drive to self-betterment.
繼而開始對美好的物質生活充滿向往，史密斯寫道，作為一個科學性的事實，人類生來是為了不斷的自我完善。
Allowed to follow their natural urges, men would create, without even willing it, a better world. Richer, freer, more educated.
在允許追逐自己的私欲的前提下，人類可以創造一個更美好的世界。更加富有、自由和享受更好教育。
The best thing government could do was get out of the way and allow the "Invisible hand of the market" to do its work.
而政府能做的就是不再干預市場，允許市場上無形的手來進行自我調控。
The economic world was like a watch, he wrote, its springs and wheels all admirably adjusted to the ends for which it was made.
他寫道，經濟世界就像塊手表一樣，它的彈簧和發條都已經完全適應了自身的運作方式。
So, too, the countless movements of men would perfectly interact for the purposes for which God had made them.
因此，人們的任何行為活動都與上帝所指引的方向完美地相互影響著。
That purpose was progress, and it was one of history's sweetest ironies that it had fallen to Scotland -- poor, bloodied, mutilated Scotland -- to show Britannia the way ahead.
那個方向就是進步，這也是對歷史最好的一個諷刺，正是因為這種思想讓貧窮、落后、殘缺不全的蘇格蘭，引領了大不列顛前進的道路。
If you want to see the future, forget the pompous monuments of England's past.
如果你想知道未來是怎樣，那么就先忘卻英格蘭那些榮耀的過去。
Come north instead to the new towns of Glasgow and Edinburgh and see the future of Britain. The future, perhaps, of the world.
去北方吧，去像格拉斯哥或愛丁堡這樣的新城市吧，在那里你能看到英國的未來。這個未來，或許也就是世界的未來。
