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Here, then, is fertile ground for quite a few of those percentage-point improvements.
這時就是可以提高很多個百分點(diǎn)的沃土。
And that is where menstrual-cycle-savvy coaches come in.
這就是精通生理周期的教練們的用武之地。
One possible tactic is phase-based training, in which a coach adjusts the intensity, volume and type of an athlete’s workouts based on where she is in her cycle.
一種可能的策略是分階段訓(xùn)練，即教練根據(jù)運(yùn)動員在周期中所處的位置調(diào)整訓(xùn)練的強(qiáng)度、量和類型。
Stacy Sims, a researcher at Auckland University of Technology, in New Zealand, recommends athletes increase intensity in the low-hormone follicular phase of the cycle, when the body is primed to bear heavy loads.
新西蘭奧克蘭理工大學(xué)的研究員斯泰西·西姆斯建議運(yùn)動員在周期的低激素卵泡階段增加強(qiáng)度，此時身體已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好承受沉重的負(fù)荷。
Later, during the luteal phase, when bodies are less able to adapt to stress, she recommends focusing on steady-state aerobic training to allow proper bodily recovery.
之后，在黃體期，當(dāng)身體對壓力的適應(yīng)能力較差時，她建議專注于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的有氧訓(xùn)練，以使身體得到適當(dāng)?shù)幕謴?fù)。
This pattern of training, she believes, allows female athletes to push themselves in the most efficient manner.
她認(rèn)為，這種訓(xùn)練模式能夠讓女運(yùn)動員以最有效的方式推動自己。
Such a one-size-fits-all approach may, though, be overly simple.
然而，這種一刀切的做法可能過于簡單。
Kirsty Elliott-Sale, a professor at Manchester Metropolitan University, in Britain, thinks there is, as yet, no conclusive scientific evidence to back phase-based training.
英國曼徹斯特城市大學(xué)教授柯斯蒂·埃利奧特-賽爾認(rèn)為，到目前為止，還沒有確鑿的科學(xué)證據(jù)支持分階段訓(xùn)練。
However, while wary of general guidelines, Dr Elliott-Sale sees the merits of an individualised approach which takes account both of monthly variation within an individual and inter-individual variability.
然而，盡管埃利奧特-賽爾博士對一般指南持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，但他看到了個性化方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這種方法既考慮了個人內(nèi)部的月度變化，也考慮了個體之間的差異。
This latter source of variety may also help explain why conclusive population-level scientific evidence is hard to come by.
后一種多樣性的來源也可能有助于解釋為什么難以獲得確鑿的群體層面的科學(xué)證據(jù)。
A regular cycle can last between 21 and 40 days, and the hormonal details -- how fast concentrations change, when they peak and how high they peak -- vary.
一個規(guī)律的周期可以持續(xù)21到40天，激素的細(xì)節(jié)--濃度變化的速度，達(dá)到峰值的時間，峰值的高度--各不相同。
Also, different women experience different sensitivities to hormonal changes.
此外，不同的女性對荷爾蒙變化的敏感度也不同。
Some have no symptoms.
有些人沒有任何癥狀。
For others, the effects may include debilitating cramps, bloating, migraines and depression.
對其他人來說，其影響可能包括使人虛弱的抽筋、腹脹、偏頭痛和抑郁。
Maddy Cope, a professional climber and coach in Britain, emphasises the need to bridge the gap between where research stands and how athletes feel.
英國職業(yè)登山者兼教練麥迪·科普強(qiáng)調(diào)，有必要彌合研究結(jié)果和運(yùn)動員感受之間的差距。
She notes, for example, that most research does not translate well to her own discipline.
例如，她指出，大多數(shù)研究都不能很好地適用于她自己的訓(xùn)練。
Climbing is a supremely technical matter, and the tests used in research compare poorly with the actual demands of the sport.
攀巖是一個非常技術(shù)性的運(yùn)動，研究中使用的測試與這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的實(shí)際需求相比差得很多。
Even here, though, a little menstruation-driven thinking may help.
不過，即使在這個問題上，一些生理期驅(qū)動的思想也可能會有所幫助。
Most good training plans for climbers include exercises of a range of intensities and incorporate a “de-load” week, to allow the body to recover.
大多數(shù)好的攀巖者訓(xùn)練計劃都包括一系列強(qiáng)度的鍛煉，并在一周內(nèi)進(jìn)行“減壓”，讓身體恢復(fù)。
Menstrual-cycle-informed training in this case might be as simple as arranging for the de-load week to coincide with the stress-sensitive luteal phase.
在這種情況下，與生理期相關(guān)的訓(xùn)練可能非常簡單，就像安排減負(fù)周一樣，適應(yīng)壓力敏感的黃體期就可以。
Menstrual-cycle coaching is, then, in its infancy.
因此，生理周期指導(dǎo)還處于初級階段。
But, as women’s sports jostle more and more with men’s for the limelight, and the sums of money involved increase, many more athletes are giving it a go.
但是，隨著女子體育項(xiàng)目與男子體育項(xiàng)目在聚光燈下的競爭越來越激烈，涉及的資金也越來越多，越來越多的運(yùn)動員開始嘗試。
In this and other areas, female sports-science is a promising field of research, as the fiction that men are the baseline and women an anomaly -- a rib, as it were, pulled from the chest of research on men -- is put to rest.
在這一領(lǐng)域和其他領(lǐng)域，女性體育科學(xué)是一個很有前途的研究領(lǐng)域，因?yàn)槟行允腔鶞?zhǔn)，女性是異類--可以說是從男性研究的胸膛中拔出的一根肋骨--已經(jīng)告一段落。
In sport, as in other areas, it is time for women to unlock their full potential.
在體育領(lǐng)域，和其他領(lǐng)域一樣，現(xiàn)在是女性充分釋放全部潛力的時候了。
Period.
周期。
