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Firms are experimenting with ever more novel ingredients in the search for meat- and dairy-like properties that will attract ever more shoppers.
企業正在試驗更多新奇的配料，以尋找類似肉類和乳制品的特性，來吸引更多消費者。
TerViva, an American startup, is using the oil of pongamia, an Asian tree, to mimic butter.
美國初創公司TerViva正在使用亞洲樹水黃皮的油來仿制黃油。
ChickP, an Israeli firm, is using chickpea extracts to mimic the texture and nutritional value of eggs in mayonnaise.
以色列公司ChickP正在使用鷹嘴豆提取物來模仿蛋黃醬中雞蛋的口感和營養價值。
Firms are also getting better at turning such bounty into consumer products.
企業也越來越善于將這種額外盈利品轉化為消費品。
There are now ways of using corn protein to make plant-based cheese alternatives melt and stretch.
現在有一些方法可以利用玉米蛋白來使植物性奶酪替代品具備可融化性和可拉伸性。
Better products and lower prices--the result of both improved manufacturing techniques and scale--have coincided with the rise of “flexitarians”, who forgo meat but not always.
更好的產品和更低的價格——生產技術和規模改進的結果——恰逢“彈性素食主義者”的興起，他們不吃肉，但并非一直不吃。
Some are trying to cut saturated fat for health reasons--a trend fuelled by the pandemic.
出于健康原因，一些人正試圖減少攝入飽和脂肪--這一趨勢因疫情而加劇。
Fitness fanatics on faddish diets want to develop bulging muscles without building up cholesterol.
追求時尚飲食的健身狂熱者希望在不增加膽固醇的情況下練出膨脹的肌肉。
Concerns about animal welfare and greenhouse-gas emissions from rearing livestock are driving the climate-conscious to limit their animal-derived intake; producing a gram of beef generates 25 times the volume of greenhouse-gas emissions as producing a gram of tofu.
對動物福利和飼養家畜產生的溫室氣體排放的擔憂，正在驅使具有氣候意識的人限制動物源性成分的攝入量；生產一克牛肉產生的溫室氣體排放量是生產一克豆腐的25倍。
For all the advantages, making a plant not taste like a plant takes work, and ultra-processed substitutes seldom match animal proteins in nutritional value.
盡管有上述這些好處，但要讓植物吃起來不像植物是需要付出努力的，而且超加工替代品在營養價值上很少能與動物蛋白相媲美。
Plant-based junk food is still junk.
植物性垃圾食品仍然是垃圾食品。
Soya is a common allergen and can have a disruptive effect on hormones.
大豆是一種常見的過敏原，會對荷爾蒙產生干擾作用。
Green-minded consumers are realising that plant-based does not necessarily mean sustainable.
有環保意識的消費者正逐漸意識到，植物性并不一定意味著可持續。
Farming almonds to make a milk-like drink, for example, uses huge quantities of water.
例如，種植杏仁來制作類似牛奶的飲料需要消耗大量的水。
As inflation rises, even diehard flexitarians may turn into omnivores, and pick either the real deal (cheaper than faux animal proteins) or veg (cheaper still).
隨著通貨膨脹加劇，即使是頑固的彈性素食主義者也可能變成雜食者，要么選擇比人造動物蛋白便宜的真正的食物，要么選擇更便宜的蔬菜。
Plant-based proteins are also a tough sell in giant markets like India, where diets are already plant-rich, or Nigeria, where meat-eating is a sign of wealth.
在印度和尼日利亞這樣的大市場，植物性蛋白質也很難賣。在印度，人們的飲食已經富含素食，而在尼日利亞，吃肉是財富的象征。
That limits their global appeal.
這限制了它們在全球的吸引力。
And animal products, including milk, are better for children’s bone development and nurturing gut bacteria, though lab-grown versions of meat and dairy are becoming more nutritious.
盡管實驗室培育的肉類和乳制品正變得更有營養，但包括牛奶在內的動物制品更有利于兒童的骨骼發育和腸道細菌的培養。
All this suggests that alternative proteins have far to go to replace the animal kind.
所有這些都表明，替代蛋白質要取代動物蛋白質還有很長的路要走。
The limitations may be weighing on the firms involved.
這些限制可能會給相關企業帶來壓力。
Oatly’s market value has fallen by about 80% since its listing, partly because of production difficulties.
自上市以來，噢麥力的市值下跌了約80%，部分原因是生產困難。
That of Beyond Meat, whose burgers feature in McDonald’s McPlant sandwich, is down by 90% from its peak in 2019.
別樣肉客的夾心牛肉餅是麥當勞素肉三明治的特色，該公司與2019年的峰值相比下降了90%。
Sales slowed in 2021 and losses widened to $100m in the first quarter of 2022, compared with $27m a year earlier.
2021年銷售額增速放緩，2022年第一季度虧損擴大至1億美元，去年同期為2700萬美元。
Plant-based foods may no longer be only an appetiser in diets, but their makers remain one in the food business.
植物性食品可能不再只是飲食中的開胃菜，但它們的制造商仍然是食品行業的一員。
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