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It goes without saying that to be a marine you have to be tough, both physically and mentally.
不用說(shuō)，要成為一名海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)員，你必須有強(qiáng)健的身體上和堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志。
But which is more important? And, more specifically, which is the bigger obstacle to successful training?
但哪一個(gè)更重要？更具體地說(shuō)，成功訓(xùn)練的最大障礙是什么？
Working on behalf of America's marine corps, Leslie Saxon,
為美國(guó)海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)工作的
of the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, has been trying to find out.
南加州大學(xué)凱克醫(yī)學(xué)院的Leslie Saxon一直在努力尋找答案。
The elite of the marine corps is a group called Force Reconnaissance.
海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)的精英組成的部隊(duì)被稱為陸戰(zhàn)遠(yuǎn)征軍直屬偵察部隊(duì)。
These troops are employed in special operations, both "green" (in which having had to engage the enemy is deemed a failure)
此類部隊(duì)會(huì)參加特別行動(dòng)——綠色行動(dòng)（行動(dòng)中，若出現(xiàn)必須與敵人交戰(zhàn)的情況，則任務(wù)被視為失敗）
and "black" (where such engagement is the whole point).
以及黑色行動(dòng)（在此行動(dòng)中，交戰(zhàn)是重點(diǎn)）。
Initial training to join the force, open only to those already marines or naval doctors, lasts 25 days.
加入這支部隊(duì)的最初訓(xùn)練（只對(duì)那些已經(jīng)是海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)員或海軍醫(yī)生開(kāi)放）要持續(xù)25天。
Among other things it requires volunteers to tread water for nearly an hour,
此外，還要求參與者踩水近一小時(shí)
to run eight miles (12km) while carrying more than 50lb (about 23kg) of equipment,
負(fù)重超過(guò)50磅（約23公斤）的設(shè)備跑8英里（12公里）
and to swim 100 yards (90 metres) with their hands and feet bound.
并且將雙手和雙腳綁起來(lái)游100碼（90米）。
Only half of those who volunteer for this training complete it.
只有一半的參與者完成訓(xùn)練。
Of those who do not, roughly half are failed by the judges for posing a safety risk
沒(méi)能完成的參與者中，有大概一半的人因?yàn)闃?gòu)成安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)而被裁判判為不合格
or for having a medical problem that stops them completing the course. The other half, though, drop out of their own volition.
或者因?yàn)樯眢w上的問(wèn)題而無(wú)法結(jié)業(yè)。而另一半則是自愿退出。
That high drop-out rate is both expensive and vexing for Force Reconnaissance's recruiters.
如此高的退出率對(duì)偵察部隊(duì)的招聘者而言既費(fèi)錢又費(fèi)力。
They therefore turned to Dr Saxon to find out what is happening, so that they can take steps to reduce the losses.
因此，他們求助Saxon博士查明原因，以便采取措施減少損失。
To gather the relevant data she picked 121 trainees and provided each of them with two devices: an iPhone and an Apple Watch
為了收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，她挑選了121名學(xué)員，并為他們每人提供了兩套設(shè)備：一部蘋(píng)果手機(jī)和一塊蘋(píng)果表
(a wrist band that both tells the time like a conventional watch and watches what the wearer gets up to).
（這款腕帶表既能像傳統(tǒng)手表那樣顯示時(shí)間，又能觀察佩戴者的行為）。
She loaded the phones with an app that asked participants a range of demographic
她給手機(jī)安裝了一款應(yīng)用，在培訓(xùn)開(kāi)始時(shí)
and psychological questions at the start of their training.
向參與者詢問(wèn)一系列人口和心理問(wèn)題。
From the answers to these she generated, for each volunteer,
從這些問(wèn)題的答案中，她為每個(gè)志愿者
scores for the five main personality traits recognised by psychologists—
生成了心理學(xué)家認(rèn)可的五種主要人格特征的得分——
openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism—
開(kāi)朗性、責(zé)任性、外向性、親和性、神經(jīng)質(zhì)性——
and also for ego resilience (ability to control anger and to control impulses when stressed),
以及自我適應(yīng)力（在壓力下控制憤怒和沖動(dòng)的能力），
positive affect (a person's tendency to experience positive emotions when facing challenges),
積極影響（一個(gè)人在面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)傾向于體驗(yàn)積極的情緒），
satisfaction with life and level of psychopathy. The watch, meanwhile, monitored the number of steps its wearer took,
和對(duì)生活的滿意度和精神變態(tài)程度的得分。與此同時(shí)，這款手表會(huì)監(jiān)測(cè)佩戴者的步數(shù)，
and kept track of both heart rate and calorie expenditure.
并記錄他們的心率和卡路里消耗。
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