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Enforcement has been beefed up. Improvements to NAFTA's dispute-settlement system are
執法力度得到了加強。NAFTA的糾紛解決體系的改進
"probably the most important thing in the whole treaty", says Jesus Seade, Mexico's chief negotiator.
“可能是整個協議中最重要的部分”，墨西哥主要談判代表施雅德表示。
Under NAFTA, countries could block the appointment of arbiters to hear awkward disputes. This should no longer be possible.
根據NAFTA，成員國可以阻止任命仲裁人員來處理棘手的爭端。這將不再可能。
The shared vision of the Trump administration and Democratic lawmakers is clearest when it comes to labour standards.
當涉及勞工標準時，特朗普總統和民主黨議員的共同愿景非常明確。
The aim was to make it less attractive to move jobs from America to Mexico
其目標就是通過支持墨西哥工人就業權，
than had been the case under NAFTA by supporting Mexican workers' employment rights.
將工作崗位從美國遷移至墨西哥的吸引力降至NAFTA時期以下。
But in the first version of the USMCA, the AFL-CIO complained,
但在第一版USMCA中，AFL-CIO抱怨稱，
the bar for proving a breach of the rules was too high and enforcement mechanisms were too onerous.
證明違反規則的門檻太高，執行機制太過繁瑣。
Critics pointed to the only labour complaint ever to make it as far as a formal dispute as part of an American trade deal:
批評人士指出了迄今為止唯一一起將其作為正式爭端納入美國貿易協定的勞工申訴：
a case against Guatemala in which arbiters agreed that the rules had been broken,
在一起針對危地馬拉的案件中，仲裁人員一致認為規則已經被打破，
but not that any harm to trade or investment had been demonstrated.
但并沒有對已有貿易或投資造成任何損害。
The new deal shifts the burden of proof regarding such harm. To avoid penalties, defendants will have to show that it did not happen.
新協議取消了關于這種損害的舉證責任。為了避免處罰，被告必須證明沒有發生。
Moreover, accusations that manufacturers are breaking Mexican laws covering freedom of association
此外，有關制造商違反墨西哥有關結社自由和集體談判法律的指控，
and collective bargaining will be sent for speedy consideration to panels of "independent labour experts".
將迅速提交至“獨立勞工專家”小組審議。
Rule-breaking will lead to penalties on exports. Overall, the revised labour provisions are good for Mexico,
違規將導致對出口的懲罰。施雅德表示，總的來說，修訂后的勞工條款對墨西哥有利，
Mr Seade says, and will reinforce its government's own labour reforms.
這將加強墨西哥政府自身的勞工改革。
The revised USMCA will restrict trade a bit more than NAFTA did. It will probably not live up to the hype.
修訂后的USMCA將比NAFTA更嚴格地限制貿易。它可能不會達到宣傳的效果。
Even if greater use of collective bargaining raises Mexican wages,
即便更多的集體談判可以提高墨西哥工資水平，
the USMCA's official impact assessment suggests that American wages would rise by just 0.27% in response.
但USMCA的官方影響評估顯示，美國工資水平只會上漲0.27%。
But for Mr Trump, his Democratic foes and their neighbours in Mexico, it counts as a win.
但對特朗普、他的民主對手以及他們在墨西哥的鄰居而言，這算是一場勝利。
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