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Financial centres, like delicate plants, thrive in the right conditions.
金融中心就像是嬌嫩的植物一樣，在適宜的環境下繁榮生長。
Those include a vibrant private sector, banks that direct capital based on the prospect for profit,
這樣的環境包括一個充滿活力的私營部門、根據盈利前景引導資本的銀行、
analysts with direct access to companies and investors,
能夠直接接觸企業和投資者的分析師、
openness to foreign people and institutions, and businessfriendly, consistent laws.
對外國人和機構的開放態度以及商業友好的一致法律。
For good measure, throw in the cultural amenities that attract the sorts of employees who could choose to live anywhere.
另外還要加上文化便利設施，以此吸引各種愿意在此定居的員工。
India is not such a place. Its laws are many and perplexing; its domestic markets, inefficient and politicised.
印度并不是這樣一個地方。印度法律紛繁復雜；其國內市場低效且政治化。
Though saving is unrewarding, capital is still costly for entrepreneurs.
盡管儲蓄不能盈利，但對企業家來說，資本仍然很昂貴。
International firms are mostly limited to cross-border activities. It often scores badly on quality of life.
跨國公司多局限于跨境活動。印度的生活質量評分通常很低。
So it is hardly surprising that although tiny Hong Kong and Singapore are globally renowned centres of finance,
所以盡管小小的香港和新加坡是享譽全球的金融中心，
Mumbai, India's financial capital, features low on most rankings.
但印度金融之都孟買卻在多數排名中排名靠后，也就不足為奇了。
But the country is nonetheless becoming an essential hub for international banks.
但這個國家正在成為國際銀行的重要樞紐。
India is often their second-largest place of employment after their home country,
印度通常是僅次于他們祖國的第二大就業市場，
and becoming ever more important for their innovation efforts.
并對于他們的創新努力而言，印度也正變得越來越重要。
India has long received other countries' outsourced jobs.
長期以來，印度一直接受其他國家的外包工作。
Some of those are unsophisticated, such as answering phones or processing forms.
其中一些很簡單，比如接聽電話或處理表格。
Many, however, rely on Indian universities' remarkable ability to turn out engineers in great numbers,
但很多依賴于印度各大學培養大量工程師的非凡能力
and computing firms' ability to use them to solve complex problems.
以及計算機公司雇他們解決復雜問題的能力。
Such tasks may be dismissed as "back-office". But they are at the heart of modern finance.
這些任務或許可由‘后臺’替代。但它們位于現代金融的中心。
In recent years banks have become global networks that link apps on smartphones,
近些年來，銀行已經成為一種全球網絡，連接智能手機應用、
workstations used for sales, and sophisticated programs used to manage compliance and allocate capital.
用于銷售的工作站以及用于管理遵從性和分配資金的復雜程序。
Systems that once merely updated balances now determine financial-product marketing—
曾經只是更新余額的系統現在決定了金融產品的營銷—
whom to send offers to, when to increase credit limits and when to adjust charges.
向誰發出邀請、什么時候提高信用額度以及什么時候調整收費。
For banks all over the world, many such tasks are now done in India.
對于全世界的銀行而言，很多這樣的任務現在都在印度完成。
Even tasks that would seem to require the personal touch—a trusted adviser pitching a deal to the boss of a client firm, say
甚至是看起開需要個性化品質的任務—比如一位值得信賴的顧問向客戶公司的老板推銷一筆交易
—may rely on a fact-sheet compiled by an Indian research team overnight.
—可能要依靠印度研究小組連夜編寫的情況說明書。
The only things that cannot be done in India are client meetings, says Tuhin Parikh, a senior executive at Blackstone.
唯一不能在印度完成的事情是客戶會面，黑石集團的高級主管圖希恩·帕里克表示。
Since 2014 the buy-out firm has nearly quadrupled the amount of property it leases in India to international financial firms,
自2014年起，這家收購公司在印度租賃給國際金融公司的房產數量增加了近四倍，
from 690,000 square feet (64,000 square metres) to 2.7m.
從690,000平方英尺（64,000平方米）到27,000,000平方英尺。
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