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Established HIV infection is easy to control but impossible to cure. Or almost impossible.
已確定的艾滋病（HIV）感染很容易控制，但不可治愈。或者說幾乎不可治愈。
The exception seems to be Timothy Brown, a man often referred to as the Berlin patient.
蒂莫西·布朗似乎是個例外，他經常被稱為柏林病人。
In 2006, after a decade of successfully suppressing his infection with antiretroviral drugs,
2006年，抗反轉錄病毒藥物成功抑制住了他的感染十年后，
Mr Brown developed an unrelated blood cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia.
布朗患上了一種不相關的血癌—急性髓性白血病。
To treat this life-threatening condition he opted, the following year, for a blood-stem-cell transplant.
為了治療這種有生命威脅的疾病，第二年他決定做血干細胞移植手術。
And, at the same time, he volunteered as a guinea pig for an experimental anti-HIV treatment, which worked.
與此同時，他自愿成為試驗性抗艾滋病病毒治療的小白鼠，而這種治療起作用了。
Now, a team of doctors in London have reported a similar case.
現在倫敦的一組醫生也報道了相同的案例。
Blood-stem-cell transplantation is an established, though extreme, treatment for various sorts of blood cancer.
血干細胞移植，雖然極端，但它是一種已確定的血癌治療方法。
Stem cells are the precursors from which particular tissues grow.
干細胞是特定組織生長處的前體細胞。
Blood-stem-cell transplantation involves using drugs (backed up, in Mr Brown's case, by radiotherapy)
血干細胞移植需要使用藥物（在布朗的案例中是通過放射療法）
to kill a patient's natural blood-producing tissue, the bone marrow, and then transfusing in new stem cells from a donor.
殺死病人的自帶造血組織—骨髓，然后輸入一名捐贈者的新干細胞。
So far, so normal. But Mr Brown, at the suggestion of his doctors,
到目前為止，一切正常。但布朗在醫生的建議下
chose from among the 267 possible tissue-matched donors one who had inherited from both parents a mutation that,
從267名組織可能匹配的捐贈者中進行選擇，這些捐贈者從他們父母身上繼承了一種突變，
in healthy people, prevents HIV infection in the first place. (The mutation in question alters one of the proteins the virus attaches itself to when entering a cell.)
在健康人體內，這種突變首先就可以預防HIV感染。（上述突變，在病毒進入一個細胞時改變了病毒附著的蛋白質之一。）
After two such transplants Mr Brown was cleared of the leukaemia and, as far as it is possible to tell, HIV had stopped replicating in his body.
經過兩次移植后，布朗體內的白血病被清除，或許可以說，他體內的HIV病毒已經停止復制了。
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