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American companies spent $91bn on staff training last year, almost a third as much again as they did in 2016.
去年美國公司員工培訓支出為910億美元，比2016年多了近三分之二。
That equated to more than $1,000 for every staff member being taught, according to a survey by Training magazine.
《培訓》雜志調查表明，那相當于培訓一位員工的支出為一千多美元。
This shift is highly encouraging. In broad terms, provision of on-the-job training has been shrinking—
這樣的變化非常鼓舞人心。從廣義上來講，在職培訓規定一直在縮水，
in both America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Companies are often loth to provide it.
在美國和英國，過去20年里，培訓規定粗略估計縮減了一半。公司通常不愿意提供在職培訓。
A 2009 study from the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, worried that
經合組織2009年的研究表明，富裕國家會社擔心
"industry, left to its own devices, may not have incentives to provide sufficient training."
“行業，如果順其發展的話，或許會缺乏提供充足培訓的動因。”
That is because workers may take advantage of their education to transfer their skills to a rival.
這是因為員工們可能會利用自己的教育背景帶著他們的技能投靠對手。
Training is even more important in a world of rapid technological change,
在一個科技日新月異的世界中，培訓甚至會更加重要，
where low-skilled tasks are increasingly being automated and artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many services jobs.
在這樣的世界中，低技能工作正在被自動化取代，人工智能（AI）正在改變許多服務型工作。
To have a chance of a long, high-paying career, workers need retraining.
為了有獲得長期發展的高薪職業的機會，員工們需要培訓。
At IBM, a computer firm, Diane Gherson, head of human resources, says that employee skills stay relevant for only three years.
在IBM電腦公司，人力資源主管黛安·蓋爾松表示員工技能相關性只能保持三年。
So training is "the lifeblood of any tech company".
因此，培訓是“任何一家科技公司的生命線”。
IBM created an "AI academy" in which employees take courses from a curriculum, provided by Coursera,
IBM建立了“AI學院”，員工們可以在Coursera平臺上上課學習。
an online-learning platform founded by Andrew Ng, an AI pioneer, and Daphne Koller, a computer scientist, both of Stanford University.
Coursera是一個在線學習平臺，由AI開創者Andrew Ng以及電腦科學家Daphne Koller創辦，兩人均來自斯坦福大學。
Roll up for such clickbait as: "Artificial intelligence process re-engineering case study",
課程比如：《人工智能程序再設計案例研究》
and "Improving deep neural networks: Hyperparameter tuning, Regularisation and Optimisation".
以及《改善深度神經網絡：超參數調優、正則化以及最優化》。
The courses are usually taught online and the staff often study in their own time.
這些課程通常是在線教授，員工們可以利用自己的時間學習。
Those who complete a course can qualify for a digital "badge" which bolsters their career profile on platforms such as LinkedIn.
那些完成一項課程的人有資格獲得一枚數字“勛章”，以提升他們在一些平臺，如領英，上的職業形象。
In 2016-18 more than 200,000 IBM staffers earned 650,000 badges and the average employee undertook 60 hours of training a year.
在2016年至18年，二十多萬IBM員工共獲得65萬枚勛章，普通員工一年的培訓時間為60小時。
IBM also has a programme that aims to retain workers who might be lured elsewhere.
IBM還有一個項目，該項目目的在于留住那些被挖墻腳的員工。
In the past five years, IBM reckons, the proportion of its employees who have advanced digital skills has risen from 30% to 80%.
據IBM估計，在過去五年中，擁有高級數字技能的員工比例從30%增至80%。
(Digital skills include knowledge of AI, analytics, cloud computing, the Internet of Things and cyber-security.)
（數字技能包括AI、統計學、云計算、物聯網以及網絡安全的知識。）
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