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If a girl in a poor country goes to school, she will probably have a more comfortable life than if she stays at home.
如果欠發達國家的女孩去上學，那么相比待在家中，她的未來或許更加輕松。
She will be less likely to marry while still a child, and therefore less likely to die in childbirth.
她遭遇童婚的幾率更小，在分娩過程中死亡的概率也更小。
So, not surprisingly, there is an Indian charity that tries to get girls into school and ensure they learn something,
因此，有那么一家印度慈善機構想要送這些女孩們去學校讀書，讓她們學知識；
and there are Western philanthropists willing to pay for its work. What is noteworthy is how they have gone about this transaction.
有一些西方慈善家愿意為這個項目出資也就不奇怪了。值得注意的是，他們將如何開展該交易。
On July 13th the Brookings Institution, a think-tank, presents the results of the world's first large development-impact bond,
7月13日，智庫布魯金斯學會公布了世界首個大型發展影響力債券的成果，
which paid for girls' education in the northern Indian state of Rajasthan.
該債券為印度北部拉賈斯坦邦的女孩們支付教育費用。
In this novel way of funding charitable work, a financial institution gives money to a charity, which tries to achieve various specified outcomes.
這是資助慈善事業的新方式，在該項目中，一家金融機構把錢交給一家慈善機構，該機構試圖獲得各種特定的成果。
If a neutral arbiter rules that it has succeeded, a donor or philanthropist repays the investor, plus a bonus.
如果中立仲裁人判定該工作取得了成功，那么該項目捐贈人或慈善家就能回報投資者，還能獲得分紅。
If it fails, the investor loses some or all of its money.
如果失敗，投資者就會失去部分或所有錢。
This is more convoluted than the usual way of funding charitable projects,
這種方法比常規的資助慈善事業的方法更加復雜，
in which a donor gives money to a charity, which spends it according to a pre-agreed plan.
常規方法是捐贈者把錢交給慈善機構，這家慈善機構根據預先商定的方案使用這筆錢。
The donor tries to ensure the money is not wasted by keeping track of inputs-the number of solar panels installed or vaccinations given, say.
捐贈者試圖通過追蹤這筆錢的投入使用，比如安裝太陽能板的數目或是發放疫苗的數量，來確保這筆錢不被浪費。
Often, no one knows whether the intervention did much good.
通常，沒人知道這種干預能否起到好的作用。
In this case, the more complicated approach did achieve something.
在這種情況下，這種更加復雜的方法確實取得了成效。
Educate Girls, the charity, identified 837 out-of-school girls aged 7-14 in the villages where it was active, and enrolled 768 of them.
在各村莊中，慈善機構‘女孩教育行動’確定有837名年齡在7到14歲的女孩輟學了，并將其中768名送入學校。
By using volunteers to teach both boys and girls in village schools for a few hours a week,
該機構請志愿者每周為村莊學校的男孩和女孩們上幾個小時的課，
it managed to raise test scores substantially relative to a control group.
他們想要讓這些孩子的考試分數有所提升。
So the investor, UBS Optimus Foundation, will be repaid by the Children's Investment Fund Foundation.
該項目投資方瑞銀慈善基金會，將從兒童投資基金會獲得回報。
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