評(píng)論
打印
In Japan, too, borrowers are scarce.
在日本，借錢的人也是幾乎沒(méi)有。
Private non-financial companies, which ought to play the role, have instead been lending to the rest of the economy, acquiring more financial claims each quarter than they incur.
理應(yīng)充當(dāng)這一角色的私人非金融公司，反而一直在把錢借給經(jīng)濟(jì)體中的其他人，每個(gè)季度都收獲比它們承擔(dān)的還要多的債權(quán)。
At the end of September 2017 they held ￥259trn ($2.4trn) in currency and deposits.
在2017年9月底，他們持有259萬(wàn)億日元(合2.4萬(wàn)億美元)的現(xiàn)金和存款。
Gesell worried that hoarding money in this way perverted the natural economic order.
格塞爾擔(dān)心，以這種方式囤錢扭曲了自然的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。
It let savers preserve their purchasing power without any of the care required to prevent resources eroding or any of the ingenuity and entrepreneurialism required to make them grow.
它允許儲(chǔ)戶在沒(méi)有防止資源流失所需要的照料或是使其增加所需要的心靈手巧和實(shí)干精神的情況下，保存他們的購(gòu)買力。
“Our goods rot, decay, break, rust," he wrote, and workers lose a portion of their principal asset- -the hours of labour they could sell- "with every beat of the pendulum' .
“我們的商品腐爛、變質(zhì)、分解、生銹，”他寫(xiě)道。同時(shí)，“隨著鐘擺的每一次擺動(dòng)”工人也在失去他們的主要資產(chǎn)——他們可以出售的勞動(dòng)時(shí)間——中的一部分。
Only if money depreciated at a similar pace would people be as anxious to spend it as suppliers were to sell their perishable commodities.
只有當(dāng)錢以同樣的速度貶值時(shí)，人們才會(huì)急于把它花掉，供應(yīng)商也才會(huì)急于把他們?nèi)菀赘癄€變質(zhì)的商品買出去。
To keep the economy moving, he wanted a money that "rots like potatoes" and "rusts like iron".
為了讓經(jīng)濟(jì)體保持前行，他想要一種“像士豆那樣腐爛”，‘像鐵那樣生銹” 的錢。
The BoJ shuns such language (and, in the past, has at times seemed determined to to keep the yen as hard as a ship's biscuit).
日本銀行有意地回避這種語(yǔ)言 (而且，以前也多次似乎決心要保持日元如船員干糧那樣堅(jiān)挺。)
But in imposing a negative interest rate in 2016 and setting an inflation target three years before, it is in effect pursuing Gesell's dream of a currency that rots and rusts, albeit by only 2% a year.
但是，在2016年實(shí)施負(fù)利率政策以及在三年前設(shè)定通脹目標(biāo)這方面，它實(shí)際上是在追求格塞爾的夢(mèng)想——一種會(huì)腐爛和生銹的錢，雖然每年僅腐爛和生銹2%。
文章來(lái)自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人
