評論
打印
Though studies show that telling people that payment encourages organ donations increases support for legalising payments, other examples work in the opposite way.
盡管研究表明，告訴人們付款鼓勵器官捐贈增加了對合法化支付的支持，但其他例子卻恰恰相反。
Giving women information about the health and safety benefits of legalising prostitution seems to reduce support for legalisation—perhaps because women worry about the consequences of applying a cost-benefit approach to areas relating to their status within society.
向婦女提供有關(guān)合法賣淫的健康和安全利益的信息似乎減少了對合法化的支持——這也許是因為婦女擔(dān)心在與社會地位有關(guān)的領(lǐng)域運(yùn)用成本收益分析法的后果。
Do the right thing
做正確的事
Not all economists avoid ethical considerations entirely.
并非所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都完全不考慮道德問題。
Jean Tirole, another Nobel prizewinner, devoted a chapter of his recent book, “Economics for the Common Good”, to “the moral limits of the market”, for example.
例如，另一位諾貝爾獎得主讓·梯若爾在其最近出版的著作《公共利益的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》中，用了一個章節(jié)來描述“市場的道德界限”。
He says economists should respect society’s need to set its own goals, then help devise the most efficient ways to attain them.
他說，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家應(yīng)該尊重社會需要設(shè)定自己的目標(biāo)，然后幫助設(shè)計最有效的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。
But, as Beatrice Cherrier of the Institute for New Economic Thinking argued in an essay addressing Mr Roth’s lecture, these questions are fundamental to economics.
但是，正如新經(jīng)濟(jì)思想研究所的碧翠絲·切里爾在一篇發(fā)表于羅斯先生講座的文章中所指出的那樣，這些問題是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。
The hard sciences deal much better with the ethical implications of their work, she says.
她說，硬科學(xué)及其工作的倫理含義處理得更好。
And moral concerns affect human behaviour in economically important ways, as Mr Roth found to his frustration.
正如羅斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，道德問題在經(jīng)濟(jì)上影響著人類的行為。
To be useful, economists need to learn to understand and evaluate moral arguments rather than dismiss them.
要想發(fā)揮作用，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家需要學(xué)會理解和評價道德論點(diǎn)，而不是摒棄它們。
Many economists will find that a dismal prospect.
許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家將會發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個令人沮喪的前景。
Calculations of social utility are tidier, and the profession has fallen out of the habit of moral reasoning.
社會公用事業(yè)的計算變得更加復(fù)雜，職業(yè)已經(jīng)脫離了道德推理的習(xí)慣。
But those who wish to say what society should be doing cannot dodge questions of values.
但那些想說社會應(yīng)該做什么的人不應(yīng)避開價值觀的問題。
譯文來源余興宇
