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But lenders can get around these laws by registering as “credit service organisations”, relocating to other states, or even working with Native American tribes to claim sovereign immunity.
但貸款人可以通過注冊為“信用服務組織”，遷移到其他州，甚至與美洲土著部落一起申請主權豁免權來避開這些法律。
At the federal level, Congress passed the Military Lending Act in 2006, capping loan rates to service members at 36%.
2006年，在聯邦一級的國會上通過了“軍事貸款法”，限制對軍人的貸款利率上限為 36%。
More recently, the Department of Justice launched “Operation Choke Point”, an effort to press banks into severing ties with businesses at risk of money-laundering, payday lenders among them.
最近，司法部發起了“瓶頸行動”，旨在強迫銀行與有洗錢風險的公司斷絕關系，薪資貸款（公司）就包括其中。
But the real crackdown on payday lending could come if the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau (CFPB) , a watchdog, implements new regulations on high-interest loans.
但是，如果監管機構——消費者金融保護局（CFPB）在高利息貸款上實施新規定，對發薪日貸款真正的打擊可能會到來。
The rules include underwriting standards and other restrictions designed to keep borrowers out of debt; the CFPB estimates that they could reduce payday-loan volumes by more than 80%.
這些規則包括承保標準和其他旨在保證借款人還清債務的限制；CFPB估計可以將發薪日貸款額度減少80%以上
The threat of regulation may already have had an effect.
監管的威脅可能已經產生了影響。
The Centre for Financial Services Innovation, a non-profit group, reckons that payday-loan volumes have fallen by 18% since 2014; revenues have dropped by 30%.
非營利組織金融服務創新中心認為，自2014年以來，工資日貸款量下降了18%收入利潤下降了30%。
During the first nine months of 2016, lenders shut more than 500 stores and total employment in the industry fell by 3,600, or 3.5%.
在2016年前九個月，關閉了500多家貸款點，該行業的就業總額下降了3600個，即下降了3.5%。
To avoid the new rules, lenders are shifting away from lump-sum payday loans toward instalment loans, which give borrowers more time to get back on their feet.
為了避免這個新的法規，貸款人正從一次總付發放日貸款轉向分期貸款，這種類型的貸款給借款人更多的時間還清他們的貸款。
It would be premature to celebrate the demise of payday lenders.
慶祝發薪日貸款的消亡還為時過早。
The Trump administration is likely to block the CFPB's new regulations.
特朗普政府很可能阻礙消費者金融保護局的新規定。
And even if the rules are pushed through, consumers may not be better off.
甚至如果規則通過，消費者們并不會過得更好。
Academic research on payday-lending regulation is mixed, with some studies showing benefits, others showing costs, and still others finding no consumer-welfare effects at all.
關于發薪日貸款管理的學術研究觀點是復雜的，一些研究顯示其有益，有些則顯示損害，還有一些研究沒有發現對消費者福利的影響。
A forthcoming paper by two economists at West Point concludes that the Military Lending Act yielded “no significant benefits to service members”.
西點軍校的兩位經濟學家即將出版的論文得出結論，“軍事借貸法”對軍人來說沒有重大好處。
考研英語時事閱讀
