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What followed in 1640 was a breakdown of deference of frightening magnitude.
在1640年 接踵而來的 是大規(guī)模的令人恐慌的信任危機(jī)
Officers were being attacked by their own men.
軍官被自己手下的人所攻擊
The latest round of fighting with the Scots was a disaster.
和蘇格蘭的最后一戰(zhàn)異常慘烈
Newcastle, with its priceless coal, was captured.
享有無數(shù)珍寶的紐卡斯?fàn)柋徽碱I(lǐng)
To get it back, to get the Scots out of England,Charles needed cash fast.
為了收復(fù)失地 為了將蘇格蘭人趕出英國 查理急需資金
He had no choice now, he would have to re-open parliament.
他已走投無路 只能重新召開議會
There'd never be a better opportunity for John Pym and his fellow parliamentary leaders to rein in the king.
這對于想要遏制王權(quán)的約翰·皮姆 和他的議會同僚來說簡直是天賜良機(jī)
Pym had discovered,whether he understood the word or not, the elixir of revolution.
皮姆發(fā)現(xiàn) 無論他是不是理解什么叫做"萬能革命"
Yesterday's truism,obey the king is tomorrow's bad joke.
昨日的真實(shí)"效忠國王" 會變成明日蹩腳的笑話
Yesterday's unthinkable,abolish all bishops seems to be tomorrow's necessity.
而昨日不可想象的"取締教權(quán)" 看上去會變成明日的必然
All around London were enormous seething crowds,practically laying siege to Westminster.
倫敦周邊人聲鼎沸 幾乎變成了對威斯敏斯特的圍攻
John Pym's demands were simple and blunt:
約翰·皮姆的要求簡單而直接
No taxes ever without parliament's say-so,parliaments to be elected every three years,
賦稅征收必須獲得議會許可 議會每三年選舉一次
and most decisively of all, looking right into Charles's eyes,
其中直指查理的一項是
no parliament, especially not this one,could be dissolved without its own consent.
所有議會 特別是本屆議會 未經(jīng)議會本身同意不得隨意解散
When Charles, through gritted teeth, conceded,it was the destruction of the absolute monarchy.Or was it?
查理咬牙接受這些要求 意味著君主絕對權(quán)力的喪失 是否還有轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)呢
The king still had one card he could play that Catholic army that Wentworth,the Earl of Strafford, had raised in Ireland.
國王手中仍有最后一張牌 斯特拉福德伯爵溫特沃斯 在愛爾蘭集結(jié)的天主教軍隊
