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But you see, art in Renaissance Italy was very much a collaborative business.
但是是這樣的，文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的意大利的藝術(shù)很多都是協(xié)同進(jìn)行的。
Painters and sculptors worked in a workshop. It was almost like a small business run by a master artist.
那時(shí)畫家和雕塑家在一個(gè)工作室里工作。幾乎就像一個(gè)由大師藝術(shù)家經(jīng)營的小生意。
You see, to deal with a wide variety of commissions they received, orders basically, for specific types of art, specific projects, to handle these, master artists often employed assistants as apprentices.
為了處理他們收到的大量不同的委托，主要是要具體類型的藝術(shù)作品的訂單，具體的設(shè)計(jì)，為了處理這些，大師藝術(shù)家通常會(huì)雇一些助手作為學(xué)徒。
And this was especially so if they worked on a large scale, huge paintings or sculptures, or if they were much in demand, like Raphael, for instance.
如果他們在進(jìn)行一個(gè)大工程，巨大的畫作或雕塑，或者如果他們的需求很多的話，情況就更是如此了，比如Raphael。
He worked on some large paintings. He painted frescos for the Vatican. He also received a great many commissions.
他畫過一些大型的畫作，他給梵蒂岡畫過壁畫，也收到過很多很多委托。
There’s no way he could have completed every part of every project all by himself.
他是絕不可能光靠自己一個(gè)人完成每個(gè)項(xiàng)目的每一部分的。
Now, these assistants might work for the master artist on a temporary or a permanent basis.
這些助手也許是暫時(shí)或永久地為大師藝術(shù)家工作的。
And they might also specialize. For example, in Raphael’s workshop, which might be called Raphael Incorporated, one of the assistants specialized in animals.
他們也許也有自己的專長。比如說，在Raphael的工作室，可能被稱作Raphael Incorporated，其中一個(gè)助手專攻畫動(dòng)物。
He actually painted a good number of the animals in Raphaels’ art.
實(shí)際上他在Raphael的作品中畫過很多動(dòng)物。
