評(píng)論
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As you say, play is much more than just pretend fighting or practicing other adult behaviors.
就像你說(shuō)的，玩耍不僅僅是為了假裝在搏斗，或是練習(xí)別的成年行為。
Apparently, it also contributes to the development of a brain that's flexible.
很明顯，這也有利于靈活大腦的發(fā)育。
A brain that's quickly able to get a handle on unfamiliar situations.
一種能在陌生環(huán)境中快速掌控情況的思維能力。
This notion, the flexibility hypothesis.
這個(gè)概念，這種靈活性假說(shuō)。
Well, many of my colleagues find it quite persuasive.
我很多同事都覺(jué)得這很具有說(shuō)服力。
So like, with kids, a little kid might play a game with a friend, and then they might raise each other across the field?
所以就像小孩子，也許一個(gè)小孩在和一個(gè)朋友玩耍，接著可能他們玩過(guò)火了？
So, they are switching from one type of play to another, there's a lot of variety?
所以他們會(huì)從一種游戲轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種，其中有很多變數(shù)？
I mean, they are learning to response to whatever happens?
我是指，它們是在學(xué)習(xí)不管遇到什么事情都要能夠應(yīng)對(duì)？
Well, that's the general idea.
這是其總體概念。
But let's hold off on talking about human behaviors from now.
但從現(xiàn)在起我們不討論人類行為了。
OK, according to the flexibility hypothesis, yes, the diversity, the variety in play can lead to a broader behavioral vocabulary.
根據(jù)靈活性假說(shuō)，對(duì)，其玩耍過(guò)程中的多樣性會(huì)導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生一個(gè)更廣的行為語(yǔ)庫(kù)。
A broader behavioral vocabulary?
更廣的行為語(yǔ)庫(kù)？
Can you explain what that means?
你能解釋一下它的意思嗎？
Well, sometimes play results in an animal doing something it would not normally do, that can lead to the animal learning to adapt, to come up with new behaviors that can help it cope with major problems later on, like staying safe or finding food.
有時(shí)候玩耍行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致一種動(dòng)物做出一些平時(shí)不會(huì)做的行為，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)，創(chuàng)造出新的行為動(dòng)作來(lái)幫助自己應(yīng)對(duì)一些以后會(huì)面對(duì)的重要問(wèn)題，比如保持安全或?qū)ふ沂澄铩?/p>
Yeah, and there was that brain study you had us read about, too.
對(duì)，然后還有一篇你讓大家看的大腦研究。
Oh, the one on how play affects development within the brain?
噢，那篇關(guān)于玩耍行為是怎樣影響腦內(nèi)發(fā)育的文章？
Right, that's it, about the animals raised in an environment where they did not get opportunities to play?
對(duì)，就是這篇，講到有些動(dòng)物，它們的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境使得它們沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)玩耍？
Yes, wasn't the conclusion interesting?
對(duì)，這個(gè)結(jié)論很有趣，不是嗎？
That play literally stimulates growth, creates connections within the brain?
玩耍行為真的可以刺激生長(zhǎng)，創(chuàng)造腦內(nèi)連接？
We need to do further studies, but…
我們需要進(jìn)一步研究，但……
Excuse me, can we go back to play fighting for a minute?
不好意思，我們能回到玩耍性搏斗嗎？
I'm wondering, can the flexibility hypothesis really explain that?
我在想，靈活性假說(shuō)真的能解釋這個(gè)嗎？
Play fighting? Actually that's something that flexibility hypothesis explains very well.
玩耍性搏斗？實(shí)際上，靈活性假說(shuō)能很好地解釋這個(gè)。
Since play fighting includes variations in speed and intensity, and quick role reversals involved with self-handicapping, and animal that's play-fighting is constantly responding to changes.
既然玩耍性搏斗中包括了很多速度和強(qiáng)度的變數(shù)，還有快速角色切換也包括了自我妨礙，玩耍性搏斗的動(dòng)物時(shí)刻需要應(yīng)變。
So it's learning to be flexible.
所以，這是學(xué)習(xí)靈活性的過(guò)程。
