評論
打印
Turkey and the European Union
土耳其和歐盟
Media freedom RIP?
輿論自由的末日？
A fresh round of arrests takes relations with the European Union to a new low
新一輪的媒體洗牌讓土耳其和歐盟的關系達到了冰點。
“WE HAVE no concern about what the EU might say, whether the EU accepts us as members or not.” The latest outburst from Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's president, sent the lira down by 4% against the dollar amid growing worries over the direction the country is taking.
土耳其總統雷杰普·塔伊普·埃爾多安近期極為憤怒地宣稱：“土耳其并不關心歐盟會做出怎樣的表態，他們接不接受我們成為歐盟的一員都無所謂！”而他的這一舉動再次讓里拉對美金的匯率降低了3%，這加劇了人們對于這個國家走上不歸路的擔憂。
Mr Erdogan was responding to a rebuke by the European Union over arrests on December 14th of a police chief, journalists and soap-opera screenwriters linked to Fethullah Gulen, a Sunni cleric based in Pennsylvania. The EU's foreign-affairs boss, Federica Mogherini, and enlargement commissioner, Johannes Hahn, warned that Turkey's hopes of becoming a member depended on “full respect for the rule of law and fundamental rights.” They called the arrests “incompatible with the freedom of media, which is a core principle of democracy”. Mr Erdogan said the EU should “mind its own business and keep its opinions to itself”.
埃爾多安的憤怒是對歐盟指責的強硬回應——歐盟對于土耳其當局12月14日時逮捕一批和法土拉 ?葛蘭（一位定居在美國賓夕法尼亞州的知名遜尼派學者）有關系人士（其中包括一名警察局局長，一些新聞工作者和一些影視編劇）的行為進行了譴責。歐盟外長費代麗卡·莫蓋里尼以及擴張委員會專員約翰內斯·哈恩警告土耳其，如果希望加入歐盟，前提條件必須是“尊重法制和基本人權。”在他們看來這次逮捕行為是“嚴重違背輿論自由原則的，而這恰恰是一個民主國家所必須具備的。”埃爾多安則表示歐盟應該“先收拾好自己的爛攤子并且先想想自身是否做到了這一點。”
The arrests mark an escalation in Mr Erdogan's unremitting war against Mr Gulen and his followers. He insists they have set up “a parallel state” with the goal of overthrowing his Justice and Development (AK) party government. Until his fall from grace, the preacher was AK's unofficial ally. Critics say Gulenists in the security forces and the judiciary helped to forge evidence against hundreds of Turkish army officers charged with fomenting a coup.
這次逮捕行動意味著埃爾多安和葛蘭以及他的追隨者之間不斷的戰爭正式升級。他堅稱葛蘭和他的同黨們以推翻他的正義與發展黨政府為目標，建立了一個“平行政府”。但是在葛蘭失去寵信之前，他一直是AK黨非官方的盟友。批評家認為潛伏在安全部隊和司法機構中的葛蘭派人士偽造了大量證據去誣陷那些土耳其軍官煽動政變。
Thousands of them have now been arrested or purged on similar charges. A power struggle between AK and the Gulenists erupted a year ago when a corruption probe implicated Mr Erdogan's inner circle. Mr Erdogan quashed the investigation, reassigning the prosecutors and police involved and vowing to destroy the “fake prophet” and his flock. His targets included Bank Asya, an Islamic finance house. Public trading in Asya was suspended three times and government-linked firms withdrew deposits. The bank's assets shrank by 40% in the first nine months of 2014. “Anyone who pisses off the president is a potential target,” comments one banker.
現在，成千上萬的葛蘭派人士因相似的罪名遭到逮捕或監禁。這場“權力之爭”源于一年之前，一起腐敗調查牽涉到埃爾多安的核心集團。埃爾多安當時就叫停了這次調查，并且重新指任了所有涉及的檢舉人和警方人員，并且立誓要消滅那些“騙子”和他們的黨羽。他的眾多目標中還包括了一所伊斯蘭教金融機構—土耳其銀行。政府三次暫停該銀行的公開交易業務，與政府有關的公司也撤出在其中的資產。2014年的前9個月中該行的資產下滑了40%之多。一位銀行從業者表示“所有惹惱總統的人都可能被盯上。”
The case against the journalists, including Ekrem Dumanli, editor of Zaman, Turkey's biggest daily, is hazy. Istanbul's prosecutor, Hadi Salihoglu, said warrants had been issued against 31 people on charges of “establishing a terrorist group”. Turkish newspapers say they are accused of conspiring against a rival Islamic fraternity whose leader was arrested in 2009 on charges of belonging to al-Qaeda. Mr Gulen's instructions to followers to move against the group were reportedly given in coded language in Zaman and “Tek Turkiye”, a nationalist soap opera aired on Samanyolu, a Gulenist television channel.
這次針對記者的逮捕讓人非常疑惑，包括土耳其最大的日報——Zaman日報主編Ekrem Dumanli 在內的很多人都被卷入其中。伊斯坦布爾的檢察官Hadi Salihoglu表示已經有31人被批準以“建立恐怖組織”的罪名起訴。土耳其的新聞媒體表示他們因籌建一個像之前伊斯蘭兄弟會這樣組織而被起訴，后者的領導人在2009年因被指控與基地組織有關系而遭到逮捕。據報道，葛蘭在Zaman日報和以薩馬為背景的Tek Turkiye（土耳其國民級電視劇）中，通過一些“密語”來給他的追隨者們傳遞指令。
Mr Erdogan has become more paranoid since the Gezi Park protests of June 2013. He blamed a global “interest-rate lobby” of Western bankers, foreign spies and media wanting to oust AK. The Gulenists have been added to the lobby; the graft scandal is just another arrow in its quiver. Now the EU, which Turkey supposedly wants to join, seems to be on the list, too.
埃爾多安在2013年6月的Gezi廣場抗議之后變得更加偏執。他將一切歸咎于妄圖推翻AK黨的西方銀行家，外國間諜和一些媒體的“利率游說團”。葛蘭派已經“加入”了這一群體，誣陷只是他箭筒中的另一支箭羽而已。而現在，土耳其一度想要加入的歐盟似乎也成為了“獵殺名單”上的又一目標。譯者：曾擎禹 校對：胡雅琳
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