日韩色综合-日韩色中色-日韩色在线-日韩色哟哟-国产ts在线视频-国产suv精品一区二区69

手機APP下載

您現在的位置: 首頁 > 英語聽力 > 國外媒體資訊 > 經濟學人 > 經濟學人文藝系列 > 正文

經濟學人:衛星產業 冉冉升起的新星

編輯:mike ?  可可英語APP下載 |  可可官方微信:ikekenet
  


掃描二維碼進行跟讀打分訓練

Satellite industry

衛星產業
Stars in their eyes
冉冉升起的新星
As the Rosetta mission shows, Britain is getting it right in space
隨著羅塞塔號任務的不斷推進,英國在航空領域走上正軌
IN A clean room at the Airbus Defence & Space (ADS) factory north of London, scientists are working on LISAPathfinder (pictured), a hexagon-shaped satellite due to be launched next year. The aim of the ambitious space mission is to try, for the first time, to find and measure gravitational waves—ripples in space-time predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity. If that's possible, earthlings would have further evidence that the theory is true, and they should also, eventually, be able to locate black holes more accurately.
空中客車防務及航天公司(ADS)位于倫敦北部的工廠里,科學家們正在一塵不染的工作室中致力于麗薩探路者號的研發。麗薩探路者號是一枚預計明年發射的呈六邊形狀的人造衛星。該項雄心勃勃的航天使命的目標就是首次嘗試尋找并測量引力波,也就是愛因斯坦的廣義相對論中所預言的時空中存在的漣波。如果引力波真的存在,那么世人就能夠進一步的證明其理論的真實性,并且最終他們也應該能夠更加準確地定位黑洞的方位。

To do all that, however, LISA first has to get to a “Lagrange point”, a place where spacecraft can float stably while getting no farther from the earth. This is essential for detecting the gravitational waves. The only force that could then ruffle LISA would be solar wind, explains Justin Byrne, a deputy director of ADS. Solar wind is so light, however, that developing thrusters soft and accurate enough to counteract it has been “the trickiest bit of all”. It would take 1,000 of the thrusters developed for LISA to lift a single piece of paper; LISA has just four.

然而,要想完成所有的任務,麗薩首先就必須到達“拉格朗日點”,只有到達了拉格朗日點,宇宙飛船才可以在不遠離地球的情況下平穩漂浮。這是探測引力波的必要條件。據ADS的副主任賈斯汀·伯恩(Justin Byrne)解釋稱,唯一會干擾麗薩的力量就是太陽風。不過太陽風的質量很輕因此只要將推進器設計得足夠輕巧和精準就可以與太陽風的力量相抗衡,但這恰恰是“最棘手的問題”。麗薩需要配備1000臺這樣的推動器才能吹起一張紙;而現在麗薩僅有四臺。
This is the kind of technological achievement that has made Britain a leader in satellite design and construction. This week ADS was celebrating the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The probe, Philae, that landed on the comet, was assembled largely in Germany. But Rosetta itself was, for the most part, constructed in the same clean room where LISA is being built; Mr Byrne himself was one of the designers of Rosetta when the mission was first conceived about 20 years ago. Altogether ten British companies were involved in the Rosetta mission, making up 20% of the contractors used among 14 European countries. Some of the fancy kit on Philae was British, such as the miniature laboratory built at the Rutherford Appleton laboratory near Oxford to a design from the Open University.
英國在麗薩探路者上取得的科技成果確立了其在人造衛星的設計及建造領域的領導地位。本周ADS就在慶祝歐洲太空總署的羅塞塔號探測器圓滿完成追逐丘留莫夫-格拉西緬科彗星的任務。此外,雖然在彗星上著陸的“菲萊”號探測器大部分都是在德國完成組裝的。但是羅塞塔號探測器本身大體都是在建造麗薩的同一間纖塵不染的工作室完成的;伯恩自己也是20年前羅塞塔號計劃構想初期的設計人員之一。羅塞塔號計劃中總共有10家英國公司參與,占據了歐洲14國所有承包商的20%。并且“菲萊”號上一些精細的工具就是英國制造,例如微型實驗室就是由英國開放大學設計,并由牛津附近的盧瑟福·阿普爾頓實驗室生產。
This outsized contribution to the Rosetta mission is now typical of Britain's place in the firmament of satellite construction. About one-quarter of the world's commercial communication satellites are built in Britain and 40% of the world's small satellites. Most of those are built by Airbus's Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL), the world leader in the field. It has launched 43 satellites since it was started by an academic at Surrey University, Sir Martin Sweeting. The whole space sector directly employs 35,000 people, and the supply-chain accounts for thousands more jobs. London-based Inmarsat is one of the world's largest satellite operators, specialising in mobile telephony. The space sector has a turnover of about £11 billion a year.
在羅塞塔任務中的突出貢獻是英國如今已成為衛星建造領域領頭羊的典型表現。世界上大約有四分之一的商用通訊衛星是英國制造,小型衛星的比重則為40%。并且大多數衛星都是由隸屬于空客集團的薩里衛星技術有限公司(SSTL)負責生產。SSTL掌握了世界領先的衛星尖端技術,自從薩里大學的教授馬丁·斯維廷爵士開啟衛星發射活動以來,SSTL已經成功發射了43枚人造衛星。其下屬的空間部直接領導的員工就有35000人,而且其相關的供應鏈產業也創造了幾千個工作崗位。以倫敦為中心的國際海事衛星組織(Inmarsat)是世界上最大的衛星基地之一,專攻移動電話制造。空間部每年大約能創造110億英鎊的營業額。
Things have not always been so rosy. The ADS plant in Stevenage has itself been a graveyard for Britain's ambitions in air and space. Originally owned by De Havilland, an aircraft company, it was here during the 1950s that parts for the Comet, the world's first passenger jet, were made. The Blue Streak missile was also built here. Several fatal crashes, however, ended production of the Comet and, with it, Britain's lead in commercial airliners. Blue Streak was cancelled due to spiralling costs, effectively ending the country's interest in launching rockets.
事情不總是一帆風順的。地處斯蒂夫尼奇的ADS工廠本身也是英國在航空及航天領域開疆擴土過程中失敗品的墓地。該工廠原屬于德·哈維蘭飛機公司,并且于上世紀50年代負責世上第一架客機彗星客機的生產。藍光火箭同樣也是由這里制造的。然而幾起致命的空難最終終結了彗星客機的生產,也結束了英國領導民用航空業的歷史。藍光火箭的計劃也由于盤旋上漲的成本而被迫叫停,實際上國家也無法從火箭發射領域中盈利。
Silver lining
曙光初現
These were disasters at the time, but in retrospect also rather fortuitous. Britain's space industry was consequently forced to look at small-scale projects and to survive on tight budgets, unlike America's. It also made the British more commercially minded in financing the industry.
回溯歷史,塞翁失馬,焉知非福。英國的航空業最終轉向了小規模項目的研發,并且得以在緊張的預算中存活,走上了與美國相反的道路。英國在航空領域融資方面也因而更具有商業頭腦。
The satellite maker SSTL, for example, argues one of its directors, Andrew Bradford, is largely about “changing the economics of space”. It has virtually invented the niche market for less expensive, smaller satellites, selling a lot to developing countries. And it works on science missions like Rosetta. Mr Byrne also argues that ADS has been successful partly because it has a good commercial business, making big satellites for customers like BSkyB, a broadcaster. The innovative technology developed for the government-funded science projects like Rosetta is transferable to business, maximising the return on the intellectual investment. For now, it looks like a stellar formula.
例如,安德魯·布魯德福(Andrew Bradford)主任認為,衛星制造商SSTL就致力于“改變航空業的經濟狀況”。事實上SSTL也的確開拓出了針對價格相對低廉的小型衛星的縫隙市場,并成功向發展中國家大量出售。此舉在如羅塞塔號之類的科研任務中也有成效。伯恩認為ADS獲得成功主要歸因于其優質的商業業務,如為英國天空廣播公司(BSkyB)這類的客戶生產大型人造衛星。這類由政府資助的科研項目如羅塞塔號產生的創新技術可以商業化,并將智力投資的回報最大化。到目前為止,這看上去是一個不錯的營運公式。譯者:朱大素 校對:王穎

譯文屬譯生譯世

重點單詞   查看全部解釋    
transferable [træns'fə:rəbl]

想一想再看

adj. 可轉移的,可轉讓的

聯想記憶
accurately ['ækjuritli]

想一想再看

adj. 準確地
adv. 精確地,準確地

 
effectively [i'fektivli]

想一想再看

adv. 事實上,有效地

 
probe [prəub]

想一想再看

n. 探針,探測器,調查,查究
v. 用探針測

聯想記憶
fatal ['feitl]

想一想再看

adj. 致命的,毀滅性的,決定性的

聯想記憶
intellectual [.intil'ektʃuəl]

想一想再看

n. 知識份子,憑理智做事者
adj. 智力的

聯想記憶
innovative ['inəuveitiv]

想一想再看

adj. 革新的,創新的

 
fortuitous [fɔ:'tju:itəs]

想一想再看

adj. 偶然的,意外的,幸運的

聯想記憶
eventually [i'ventjuəli]

想一想再看

adv. 終于,最后

 
commercial [kə'mə:ʃəl]

想一想再看

adj. 商業的
n. 商業廣告

聯想記憶
?
發布評論我來說2句

    最新文章

    可可英語官方微信(微信號:ikekenet)

    每天向大家推送短小精悍的英語學習資料.

    添加方式1.掃描上方可可官方微信二維碼。
    添加方式2.搜索微信號ikekenet添加即可。
    主站蜘蛛池模板: 爱情秘密| 王思琪| 抖音游戏中心| 女总裁电视剧大结局| 秀人网美女屋| 北京新闻频道回看| 成龙电影大全免费功夫片| 马会传真论坛13297соm查询官网| 吴婷个人资料及照片| 操蛋视频| 西安今天出大事| 1988年英国的白蛇传说| 布莱德·德尔森| 二年级合并综合算式题| 男同性恋免费视频| 学生早餐吃什么方便又营养| 我的公公电影| 猎仇者演员表| 礼运节选高中原文| 林正英全部电影| 郭亚菲| cctv5+体育节目表| 科室对分级护理落实情况检查记录| 相识电影| 时代少年团壁纸| 黑势力| 木乃伊5| 杨冲| 6套电影频道节目表| 美丽的坏女人中文字幕| 《浪漫樱花》电影| 大海啊故乡钢琴谱| 打男生军人光屁股的网站视频| 开运咒| 成都影院大全| 新红楼梦(香港)| 黄视频在线网站| 我是传奇 电影| 金奎丽| 男国少年梦 电影| 杨东波|