評論
打印
Russian oligarchs
俄羅斯的寡頭執(zhí)政者
Yukos 2.0?
尤思科2.0？
The arrest of Vladimir Yevtushenkov recalls that of Mikhail Khodorkovsky
軟禁弗拉基米爾·葉夫圖申科讓人們回想起霍多爾科夫斯基
THE rules should be familiar to Vladimir Yevtushenkov, an oligarch with a 7 billion fortune who runs Sistema, which is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is in telecoms, tourism and oil. The state, he said in June, “will always find a way to put you in your place.” Now Mr Yevtushenkov is under house arrest, accused of money-laundering and handling stolen assets. Sistema lost over a third of its value in one day and the Russian stockmarket fell by 2%.
Sistema的寡頭執(zhí)政者弗拉基米爾·葉夫圖申科對于一些規(guī)則理應(yīng)是很熟悉的，他坐擁70億美元財富并獨掌這家業(yè)務(wù)范圍涵蓋通信，旅游，石油的上市公司。今年6月他曾表示：“這個國家總是能找到方法讓你待在該待的地方。”而現(xiàn)在，葉夫圖申科先生被指控洗錢和盜用資產(chǎn)，現(xiàn)在正遭到軟禁。Sistema公司在一日之內(nèi)失去了近三分之一的市值，并且在俄羅斯證券交易所的股價也下跌了2%。
Parallels have been drawn with the arrest of Mikhail Khodorkovsky in 2003 and the transfer of assets in his oil company, Yukos, to Rosneft, a rival now run by Igor Sechin, a confidant of President Vladimir Putin. Dmitry Peskov, Mr Putin's press secretary, claimed that “It is wrong and absurd to paint this story in a political light.” Russia has changed since 2003. Before, security servicemen needed a political motive to take from disobedient oligarchs. Now obedience is no defence.
相似的故事在2003年時就已經(jīng)上演過了，當時隨著霍多爾科夫斯基的入獄，尤思科石油公司的財產(chǎn)也轉(zhuǎn)移到了由普京心腹伊格爾·謝欽掌管的俄羅斯石油公司手中。普京的新聞發(fā)言人聲稱“將此次事件賦予政治因素，不僅是錯誤的，也是荒謬的”從2003年開始俄羅斯已經(jīng)發(fā)生了改變。在那之前，證券行業(yè)的變動必須遵從來自那些反抗派的寡頭執(zhí)政者的政治動機。而現(xiàn)在，這種順從已經(jīng)毫無意義。
Whatever Mr Yevtushenkov's sins, they are not the source of his trouble. His loyalty to the Kremlin is unquestioned. The real cause seems to be his reluctance to part with an oil company wanted by Mr Sechin. Sistema bought Bashneft in 2009 for 2.5 billion from the son of a regional boss in Bashkortostan who, according to law enforcers, had expropriated it from the state. Rosneft proposed buying it from Mr Yevtushenkov, but he found the offer too low. House arrest may help him to change his mind.
事實上，葉夫圖申科的罪行似乎并不是問題的根源。毫無疑問，他對克里姆林宮是忠誠的的。真正的原因似乎是他不愿意將一家石油公司賣給謝欽。2009年Sistema以25億美元的價格從巴什科爾托斯坦地方政府手中收購了Bashneft公司—該公司根據(jù)法律被強制收歸為國有。俄羅斯石油公司計劃從葉夫圖申科手中購入，但是葉夫圖申科認為報價太低。也許這次軟禁能改變他的想法。
Renewed infighting within the Russian elite reflects Western sanctions and a weakening economy. Rosneft is struggling to refinance 26 billion of debt due by the end of 2015. Oil production is falling, and the company needed some success to show Mr Putin. A takeover of Bashneft could cover its failings. This is Mr Khodorkovsky's view. He told Vedomosti, a business daily, that Mr Sechin “has not become any wiser, but perhaps just greedier.” The fight for the spoils in Russia can only grow more desperate.
俄羅斯精英階層再次出現(xiàn)內(nèi)斗，反應(yīng)了西方制裁和日漸衰退的經(jīng)濟狀況。俄羅斯石油公司正在努力籌集260億美元資金，以在2015年時償還債務(wù)。石油產(chǎn)量日漸下滑，公司需要給普京展現(xiàn)一些成就。如果能成功接管Bashneft ，那么就能掩蓋它的衰退跡象。這正是霍多爾科夫斯基的觀點，他告訴商業(yè)日報—Vedomosti：相比以往謝欽沒有絲毫進步，反而可能只是更加貪婪。對于俄羅斯“戰(zhàn)利品”的爭奪只會令人更加絕望。譯者：曾擎禹 校對：衛(wèi)婷婷
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