重點講解：
1. be famous for
以……而聞名；
eg. Los Angeles is famous for its many freeways.
洛杉磯以其眾多的高速公路聞名。
eg. The canyon is famous for producing echoes.
這個峽谷以回聲而聞名。
2. a jumble of
雜亂的一堆；混亂的一團；
eg. Through this jumble of futile activities came and went a strange throng of hangers - on.
在這亂哄哄的圈子里還穿梭般往來著一群稀奇古怪的食客。
eg. The shoreline was made up of a jumble of huge boulders.
海岸線上堆著一大堆雜亂的巨石。
3. a swathe of
（土地的）一長條，一長片；
eg. On May 1st the army took over another swathe of territory...
軍隊在5月1號又接管了另一長條領土。
eg. Year by year great swathes of this small nation's countryside disappear.
年復一年，這個小國家的鄉村面積正在一片片地大量消失。
4. be known as
稱為；叫做；
eg. They manufacture the class of plastics known as thermoplastic materials.
他們生產這類被稱為熱塑材料的塑料制品。
eg. Zhejiang is known as the land of tea of our country.
浙江是我國茶鄉。
5. open up
（使）開放；
eg. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box.
一個工人突然想起打開箱子看個究竟。
eg. This new job could open up whole new vistas for her.
這項新工作可能給她開辟全新的前景。