評論
打印
Made in Spain
西班牙制造
A pressing issue
迫在眉睫
The government frets about foreign hands on the nation's olive-presses
外國人插手本國橄欖油產(chǎn)業(yè)讓政府很不安
These are Spanish, not Italian
這些是產(chǎn)自西班牙的橄欖，不是產(chǎn)自意大利的
THE French government once scuttled a possible foreign bid for Danone, a big dairy firm, on the ground that it was a national industrial “jewel”. If yogurt is strategic for the French, olive oil has the same exalted status inSpain. Four savings banks wanted to sell their combined 31% stake in Deoleo, the country's largest producer, and under Spain's stockmarket rules anyone buying such a large stake has to bid for the whole company. Earlier this month, when it emerged that all the bidders were foreign, ministers said they would prefer that it remained in Spanish hands, and raised the possibility of the state taking a stake in the firm.
達(dá)能集團(tuán)是法國一家大型乳制品公司。法國政府曾以它是法國工業(yè)的“瑰寶”為理由，否決一項可能達(dá)成的國外買家對它的收購案。如果把酸奶產(chǎn)業(yè)看作是法國的戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)業(yè)，那么橄欖油產(chǎn)業(yè)在西班牙擁有同樣高的地位。Deoleo是西班牙最大的橄欖油生產(chǎn)商，四家儲蓄銀行想拋售他們所持有共計31%的Deoleo股份，而根據(jù)西班牙股市交易規(guī)則，不論是誰購入如此大額的股份，他都必須向整個公司股東發(fā)出收購要約。本月初，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的競購者都來自國外，部長們表示他們更希望Deoleo公司的所有權(quán)留在西班牙手中，隨即提出了國家參股的可能性。
On April 10th a British private-equity firm, CVC Capital, won the backing of Deoleo's board after making the highest offer, valuing it at 439m. But given the controversy over selling to foreigners, two of the four would-be sellers now look like keeping their stakes. CVC will end up owning 30% of Deoleo but will later seek to buy the rest.
4月10日英國一家私募股權(quán)公司CVC Capital以4.93億歐元的最高價競投，贏得了Deoleo董事會的支持。但考慮到買家是外國人而引發(fā)的爭議，現(xiàn)在四家儲蓄銀行中的兩家看來要拒絕出售他們所持有的股份。CVC公司最終將擁有Deoleo 公司30%的股份，但之后將尋求購買其余股份的機(jī)會。
Olive oil accounts for a mere 0.8% ofSpain's exports. Yet it is an extra-sensitive matter. The country is the world's largest producer of the oil, but one-third of its exports are sent in bulk toItalywhere it is bottled and sold, often for a significant markup, under Italian labels. Some of the oil sold with the Bertolli brand, one ofItaly's andAmerica's favourites, is in fact pressed by Deoleo from the fruits of Spanish olive groves.
橄欖油出口額僅占西班牙出口額的0.8%。然而它卻是一個特別敏感的問題。西班牙是世界上最大的橄欖油生產(chǎn)國，但是其出口的橄欖油有三分之一是批量發(fā)送到意大利的，在那里橄欖油以裝瓶出售，通常帶著明顯的意大利標(biāo)簽，以意大利自有品牌進(jìn)行銷售。Bertolli是意大利人和美國人最青睞品牌之一，然而，有些冠以Bertolli的品牌出售的橄欖油，實際上是使用產(chǎn)自西班牙橄欖園的橄欖，由Deoleo公司壓榨的。
It is a similar story for wine.Spainhas overtakenFranceandItalyto become the world's largest producer, but sells almost half of its exports in bulk to markets likeFrance, some of which is retailed under French labels. French- and Italian-labelled wines typically fetch higher prices than Spanish-labelled ones, though the gap is narrowing. And despite the global success of Spanish fashion retailers such as Inditex and Mango, the fancy handbags turned out by artisans in the small Andalusian town ofUbriqueare sold under French and Italian labels. Stuart Weitzman, an American shoe designer who makes his products inSpain, says the country produces the world's best footwear, but its domestic labels have barely left a footprint on the world stage.
對于葡萄酒，情況也類似。西班牙已經(jīng)超過法國和意大利，成為世界上最大的葡萄酒生產(chǎn)國，但其出口的葡萄酒有幾乎一半都批量送往國外零售市場，如法國零售市場，其中一些葡萄酒被冠以法國品牌出售。被冠以法國和意大利品牌標(biāo)簽的葡萄酒通常比西班牙品牌的葡萄酒售價更高，但這一差距正在縮小。盡管西班牙快時尚零售商在全球取得了成功，例如Inditex集團(tuán)和芒果服飾，但是由烏夫克里的安達(dá)盧西亞小鎮(zhèn)中的工匠所制作的高檔手袋，卻被冠以法國和意大利的品牌銷售。美國的鞋設(shè)計師斯圖爾特.威茲曼在西班牙生產(chǎn)他的產(chǎn)品，他說：西班牙出產(chǎn)全世界最好的鞋，但其本土品牌卻鮮有在世界舞臺上留下足跡。
Spainhas come a long way, compared with the relatively closed economy it had before joining the European Union in 1986. More recently, rising exports have helped pull the country out of a deep recession, with the economy returning to growth in the third quarter of 2013. Exports are now 34% of Spain's GDP, up from 24% in 2009. Its olive oil is winning new customers in places likeChinaandMexico. Prominent chefs like Ferran Adria have raised the profile of Spanish cuisine and attracted foodie tourists. But the country clearly has some way to go in raising the prestige of the “Made inSpain” label.
1986年加入歐盟前，西班牙還是個相對封閉的經(jīng)濟(jì)體，到如今，它已取得很大進(jìn)展。最近，出口的增長已幫助西班牙走出了深度的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。隨著2013年第三季度經(jīng)濟(jì)回暖，日益增長的出口逐步拉動西班牙走出大蕭條的泥沼。2009年，西班牙的出口額僅占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的24%，如今已增長到34%。其橄欖油產(chǎn)品正在贏得中國和墨西哥等國顧客的青睞。像Ferran Adria這樣的著名廚師提高了西班牙美食的知名度，也吸引了美食游客的到來。但顯然，對于提高“西班牙制造”的聲望，西班牙還有一段路要走。
