世間萬物的存在,必定有其存在的價值和意義,每一個事物的產生必定有其產生的根源,并非憑空而降。
Calcium 鈣
1808 年英國化學家戴維在取得鉀、鈉之后,繼續用電解方法分解石灰,得到鈣。瑞典醫生蓬丁(M.M.Pontin)曾將石灰和水銀的混合 物加以電解成功地分解了石灰。戴維受到極大啟發,他將潮濕的石灰與氧化汞按 3:1 混合,放在白金片上,并且在混合物中央挖個洞,放入水銀,再用石腦油將混合物蓋上,以白金為陽極,以汞為陰極進行電解,成功地制得了鈣汞齊。再蒸出其中的汞,就得到銀白色的金屬鈣。
在拉丁語中,用來表示“石頭”的詞之一為 Calx(其所有格形式為calcis),英語中稱為 Chalk(即“白堊”,源自拉丁語“Calx”“石灰” 的意思)。這種石頭的最美麗的形式稱為“大理石”(marble),該詞源自希臘詞 marmaros,意為“閃光的石頭”。盎格魯—撒克遜語中大理石的名稱為 limestone,即“石灰石”。當它加熱時會放出 CO2,剩下的部分叫做“石灰”(Lime)。但當戴維首次從石灰中取得鈣時,他重新采用了拉丁語為它命名。他在“Calx”詞后加上通常用于金屬的后綴“-ium”,而將新元素命名為“鈣”(Calcium),意為“從石灰中得到的金屬”。
Calcium was coined by the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 on the basis of Latin calx ‘limestone’ (which is also the ancestor of English calcareous, calculate, calculus, causeway, and chalk). The Latin word probably came from Greek khálix, which meant pebble’ as well as ‘limestone’.
Calculate comes from the past participial stem of the Latin verb calculāre, a derivative of the noun calculus, which meant pebble’. This was almost certainly a diminutive form of Latin calx, from which English gets calcium and chalk. The notion of ‘counting’ was present in the word from ancient times, for a specialized sense of Latin calculus was ‘stone used in counting, counter’ (its modern mathematical application to differential and integral calculus dates from the 18th century).
calci-表示“鈣”之義
calcic 含鈣的
calcify 鈣化,硬化
calcimine 墻粉
calcine 燒成石灰
calcite 方解石
calcitonin 降血鈣素
calcrete 鈣質結礫巖
calculable 可計算的,能預測的
calculated 計算出的,有計劃的,適當的
calculating 貶義詞 精明的,有心計的,
calculation 計算;推斷;深思熟慮
calculator 計算器
calculus 微積分;結石