1.lack of 缺乏

Another problem was the lack of competition.
另一個問題是缺乏競爭。

Her lack of experience is a severe disability.
她缺少經驗是一個嚴重的障礙。

2.face up 面對，擔當

But one country has yet to face up to its changed circumstances.
但是，歐元區仍有一個國家尚未勇敢面對物是人非的外部環境。

Managers must face up to its existence and influence.
管理者必須正視它的存在和影響。

3.spread to 蔓延到；波及

The crisis threatened to spread to china.
這場危機甚至波及了中國。

The mayhem spread to other parts of the city.
混亂也蔓延到了曼谷市的其他地區。

4.set out to 打算，著手

The screenwriter set out to explore the ways in which different people face demanding times.
劇本作者一開始是要探討不同的人面對艱難時期的方式。

He has set out to make salesforce a more generous and efficient donor than any other firm.
現在貝尼奧夫已經開始讓salesforce公司成為一個比別的公司更慷慨、更有效率的慈善家。