評論
打印
Narrator:Listen to part of the lecture in poetry class, the professor is discussing medieval poetry.
獨白:聽下面一段詩歌課上的討論,教授正在討論中世紀詩歌。
Professor:OK, so the two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times, which was how long ago?
教授:好的，那么今天我們要講的兩首詩歌都屬于中世紀時代的詩歌類型，那是多少年以前的呢？
Student:Almost a thousand years ago, right?
學生:幾乎是一千年前？
Professor:Yes, that's right.
教授:是的，回答正確。
Student:But, professor, are you sure these are poems?
學生:但是，老師，你確定這些是詩歌嗎？
I mean I thought poems were shorter; these were more like long stories.
我的意思是，我想詩歌應該更簡短點吧。這些更像是長故事。
I mean one of them must all about love, but the other one the Chan…Chan…whatever it called, the other one; it's all about fighting and battles.
就是，其中一首應該全部關于愛情，但另一首是關于 Chan…Chan…不管怎么念的，就另一種詩歌。都是關于對抗和各種戰役。
I mean can both of them be considered to be poems?
我的意思就是，這兩首詩歌都可以當做詩歌嗎？
Professor:Well, think back to the very beginning of this course.
教授:嗯，回想一下這課程開始的時候，我們說了什么。
Student:Aha
學生:啊哈。
Professor:Remember how we, we define poetry?
教授:還是記得我們是怎么定義詩歌的嗎？
In the very broadest sense, we said it's written to evoke, to make you, the audience, have some kind of the emotional experience through the use of imagery, en, some kinds of predictable rhythm.
最廣義上講，我們說，詩歌是寫來激起讀者，也就是你，的情緒體驗，方式是通過某種圖像，額，某些可預測的節律。
And usually, but not always, there's more than one meaning implied with the words that are used.
而通常，也并不是一直都這樣，詩歌中的字句都隱含著不止一種意思。
Let's start with the Chanson poetry first. That's Chanson.
我們先看看香頌，就是Chanson。
Chanson poem became popular in Europe, particularly in France, and the term is actually short for a longer French phrase that translates to a…huh… songs of deeds.
香頌在歐洲，特別是法國廣為流傳，這種叫法事實上是來自一個更長的法語短語，翻譯過來叫做，額，行動頌歌。
Now they were called songs of deeds because strangely enough, they were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors, the knights during conflicts.
如今這些詩歌之所以稱為行動頌歌，是因為，很奇怪，它們所描述的是在對抗中的勇士和騎士的英雄般的行為活動。
We don't know a lot about the authors, it still contests somewhat.
對于作者我們沒有知道很多，某種程度上還存在異議，
But we are pretty sure about who the Chanson poems were written for.
但我們能夠確定的是這些詩歌是為誰而寫的。
That is-they were written for the knights and the lords-the nobility that they served.
那就是，為了歌頌騎士和君主的，歌頌他們的高尚。
The poems were song performed by a minsstrola, a singer who travelled from castle to castle, singing to its local lord and its knights.
這些詩歌是由名為Minsstrola 的歌手演繹出來的，她是一名歌手，在各個城堡里唱歌給當地的君王和騎士聽。
Ah…well, would someone summarize the main features of the Chanson poems you read?
對了，有沒有人能概括一下你們讀過的香頌詩歌的主要特征？
Student:Well, there's a hero, and a knight, who goes to battle, and he is inspired for his courage, bravery and loyalty, loyalty to the royalty serves, his country and his fellow warriors in the field.
學生:嗯，有一位主角，一名騎士，他去參戰，他被自己的勇氣，勇敢和忠誠啟發到，忠誠即為他對皇室，國家和戰場上的戰士同仁的忠誠。
He's a, he has a, he's a skilled fighter, willing to face the most extreme dangers, sacrificial, willing that sacrifice anything and everything to protect his king and country.
他是一個訓練有素的戰斗士，愿意面對最為極端的危險，富有犧牲精神，愿意犧牲一切以保衛自己的國王和國家。
Professor:Ok, now be given that the intended audiences for these poems were knights and lords. What can we say about the purpose of Chanson poetry?
教授:好的，現在假設這些詩歌面向的是騎士和君王。那么詩人寫香頌的目的是什么呢？
What kinds of feelings were it meant to provoke?
它們是要激發讀者什么樣的情感呢？
Student:I guess they must been really appealing to those knights and lords who were listening to them.
學生:我想這些香頌一定對騎士和君王很有吸引力。
Hearing the songs probably made them feel more patriotic, made them feel like a good noble thing to serve their countries, and whatever way they could.
聽這些歌很可能讓他們感到更有愛國之心，讓他們感到為國家服務還是做什么其他事情，是一件高尚的事。
Professor:Good, we've got a pretty good picture of what the Chanson hero was like.
教授:不錯，我們已經對香頌的主要特征有一定的了解。
Now let's compare that to the hero in the other poem.
現在我們將香頌跟其他詩歌中的主角進行比較一下。
The other poem is an example what's called Romance Poetry.
一個其他詩歌的例子就是我們所說的浪漫詩歌，
And the hero in the romance poems was also in knight.
浪漫詩歌中的主角也是騎士。
But what made the knight in Romance Poetry different from the knight in Chanson poetry.
但浪漫詩歌中的人物跟香頌中的其實有什么不同呢？
Well, first the purpose of the hero's actions was different.
嗯，首先，主角的行為目的不同。
The hero in the Romance Poetry is independent, purely solitary in a way, not like the Chanson poet who was always surrounded by his fighting companions.
浪漫詩歌中的主角是獨立的，某種層面上講是純粹獨立的，不像香頌中的主角，一直被各種戰斗伙伴圍著。
He doesn't engage in the conflict to protect his lords or country.
他不會為了保護氣君主或國家而處于沖突中。
He does it for the sake of adventure, to improve himself, to show his worthy of respect and love for his lady.
他之所以參戰是為了冒險，改善自我，顯示他是值得別人尊重的，表明他對愛人或妻子的愛。
He's very conscious of the particular rules of social behavior he has to live up to somehow.
對于他必須或多或少遵循的社會行為的特定規則，他心里很是清楚。
And all of those actions are for the purpose of proving that he is an upright moral, well-mannered, well-behaved individual.
所有這些行動都是為了證明，他是一個正直，有道德，有修養，舉止得當的個體。
You may have noticed that in Chanson's poetry there isn't much about the hero's feelings.
你們可能注意到了，香頌中沒有過多的關于主角感情的描述。
The focus is on the actions, the deeds.
其重點在于主角的行動和行為。
But the Romance Poetry describes a lot of the inner feelings, the motivations, psychology you could say, of the knight trying to improve himself, to better himself, so he's worthy the love of a woman.
而浪漫是個則大筆描寫了其內在感受，動力，還有，可以說是心理活動，這是描述試圖改善自我的其實，提升了自我，他便有價值，能得到女性的青睞。
What it explains this difference?
怎么解釋這種不同呢？
Well, a digging into the historical context tells us a lot.
嗯，探究一下歷史背景知識的話我們便可以知道很多。
Romance Poetry emerged few generations after Chanson, and its roots were in geographical regions of France that were comer, where conflict wasn't central to people's lives.
浪漫詩歌在香頌之后幾代人后突起，其根源在法國某些地區，那里沖突并不是人們生活的中心。
More peaceful times meant there was more time for education, travel, more time for reflection.
和平時間越長，就意味著人們又更多時間受教育，旅游，更多間反思。
Another name for Romance Poetry that's often synonym with it is troubadour poetry.
另一個描述浪漫詩歌的名字是游吟詩。
Troubadours were the authors of the new romance poems.
游吟詩人創作了新浪漫詩歌。
And we know a lot more about the troubadours than we do about the Chanson authors, because they often had small biographical sketches added to their poems that gives more specific information about their social status, geographical location and small outlines of their career.
而我們對游吟詩人的理解比對香頌詩人的理解要多得多，因為他們經常會在詩歌后面附上自己的傳記概述，這些概述給我們提供了更為詳細的信息，關于他們社會地位，地理環境和職業掠影。
These information wasn't particularly reliable because they were sometimes based on fictitious stories, great adventure or the scrape together from parts of the different poems. But there is enough to squeeze or infer some facts about their social class.
這些信息不是特別可靠，因為它們有時是基于科幻故事，偉大的冒險故事或從不同詩歌中摘取的部分內容拼湊而成的。
The political climate shave settle down enough so that troubadours had the luxury being able to spend most if not all of their time, creating, crafting or composing their love songs for their audiences.
但這些已經足夠讓我們從中榨取或推斷出某些它們社會地位的事實情況。政治氣候已經夠平穩了，這樣游吟詩人便可以奢侈得享受將大部分時間花在創作，精心制作或譜寫獻給觀眾的愛情之歌。
And yes these poems were also songs; many troubadours were able to make a living being full time poets which should tell you something about the value of that profession during the medieval times.
而且就是這樣，這些詩歌也是歌曲；很多游吟詩人能夠成為全職詩人而糊口謀生，中世紀時期這些詩人應該會告訴你某些關于該職業的價值所在。
