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Narrator:Listen to the lecture in the city planning class.
獨白:聽下面一段城市規(guī)劃課上的演講。
Professor:In the last 15 years or so, many American cities have had difficulty in maintaining a successful retail environment.
教授:在過去的五十年里，很多美國城市在維持一個成功零售環(huán)境上經(jīng)歷了困難。
Business owners in the city centers or the downtown areas have experienced some financial losses, because of the city movement of the people out of the city and then into suburbs.
一些城中心的商人蒙受了損失，因為人流往往從城市流動到郊區(qū)。
In general, downtown areas, just don't have that many residential areas, not that many people live there.
總體來說，市中心的居住區(qū)域不多，沒有多少人居住在此。
So what did city planners decide to do about it?
那么城市規(guī)劃者打算對此做些什么呢？
While, one way they've came up with the some ways to attract more people, to shop downtown was by creating pedestrian malls.
一個辦法就是想辦法吸引更多人，對于城中心的商店來說，就是建造步行街。
Now, what is a pedestrian mall?
那么，什么是步行街呢？
It's a pretty simple concept really, it is essentially an outdoor shopping area designed just for people on foot.
其實這是個簡單的概念，它基本上就是一個可供人步行游覽的開放式購物區(qū)域。
And…well, unlike many of other shopping malls that are built in suburb nowadays, these pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown areas of the city.
而且?不同于現(xiàn)在郊區(qū)的購物商場，這些步行街典型地坐落于城中心地區(qū)。
And there are features like white sidewalks, comfortable outdoor sitting and maybe even fountains-UN…you know art.
而且有一些標(biāo)志性的特點，比如寬敞的人行道，舒服的戶外座椅，甚至噴泉? 你知道，還有藝術(shù)品。
There are variations on this model of course,
當(dāng)然，這個模型還會出現(xiàn)一些變化。
but the common denominators are always an idea of creating a shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their cars.
但最基本的宗旨還是讓人們可以在城里面步行著購物，而不需要他們的車。
So I am sure you can see how heavy an area that off-limits to automobile traffic would be ideal for heavily populated city where, well, the streets will otherwise be bustling with noise, unpleasant traffic congestion.
所以我想，你們可以看到一個不需要汽車停放的購物商場對于一個機(jī)動車數(shù)量眾多的城市有多么重要；如果不這樣的話，街道將被吵鬧的汽車塞滿。
Now the concept which originated in Europe was adopted by American city planners in the late 1950s.
這個概念發(fā)源于歐洲，19 世紀(jì) 50 年代被美國人吸取過來，
And since then, a number of Unites States' cities have created the pedestrian malls.
自從那時一些美國城市建造了步行街。
And many of them have been highly successful.
很多城市因此獲得了成功。
So what does city planner learn about making these malls succeed?
為了取得這種成功，城市規(guī)劃者在建造步行街時需要考慮哪些因素？
Well, there are two critical factors to consider when creating the pedestrian malls-location and design.
主要因素有兩個，地理位置和設(shè)計，
Both of which are equally important.
二者同等重要。
Now let's start with location.
首先講講地理位置，
In choosing a specific location for pedestrian mall, there are in fact two considerations.
要選一個位置，需要考慮兩個因素，
Proximity to potential customers, UN…that's we'll call it customer base and accessibility to public transportation which we will get into just a moment.
靠近客戶的可能性，也就是我們說的客戶基礎(chǔ)，以及對于公共交通的可獲得性，這個我們待會兒再說。
Now, for a customer base, the most obvious example would be a large office building since the employees could theoretically go shopping after work or during their lunch hour, right?
首先，講講客戶基礎(chǔ)。最好的例子是一個大的寫字樓，因為理論上工作的人可以下班后去逛街，或者午休的時候去逛街，對嗎？
Another really good example is convention center which typically has a hotel and large meeting spaces to draw visitors to the city for major business conferences and events.
還有一個例子是會議中心，它通常伴有旅店，和寬敞的會議場地，為的就是吸引人們來到這座城市開展主要的商業(yè)會議和各種大事。
But ideally, the pedestrian malls will be used by local residents, not just people working in the city or visiting the area.
但理想狀況是，步行街針對的是當(dāng)?shù)氐木用?，而不僅僅是在該城市工作的人或在某區(qū)域游玩的游客。
So that's where access to the public transportation comes in, if… if the designer planned to locate the malls near a central transportation hub, like bus terminal, a major train, a subway station or they work with city officials to create sufficient parking areas, not too far from the mall, which make sense because people can drive into the mall area or then they need easy access to it.
所以，這就是公共交通流入的途徑。如果設(shè)計者計劃將購物中心放在中心交通樞紐處，像巴士終點站，主要的火車或地鐵站，或者和城市官員協(xié)力創(chuàng)造足夠的停車場，地點離購物中心不遠(yuǎn)，這就有意義了，因為人們可以把車開到購物區(qū)或者是因為他們可以使用便于進(jìn)出的通道。
OK, so that's location, but what about design?
好了，這就是選址的問題，那么設(shè)計呢？
Well, design doesn't necessarily include things like sculptures or decorative walkways or… or even eye catching window displays, you know art.
嗯，設(shè)計并不一定包括像雕塑或裝飾了的人行道或甚至是引人注目的櫥窗陳列，你們知道，藝術(shù)。
Although I bet the first to admen those things are ascetically appealing, however, visually pleasing sights, while there are not a part of pedestrian malls design that matter than most.
盡管我一開始承認(rèn)這些東西外面看起來吸引人，但是不管景色多么宜人，這些東西也不是步行街設(shè)計的一部分，步行街的設(shè)計比很多其他東西都要重要。
The key consideration is a compact and convenient layout.
要考慮的關(guān)鍵的地方是其布局，即緊湊又便利。
One which allows pedestrians to walk from one end of the mall to the other in just a few minutes, so you can get the major stores, restaurants and other central places without having to take more than one or two turns.
步行街的設(shè)計要讓行人能再幾分鐘內(nèi)從一端走到另一端，這樣你就能夠順利到達(dá)主要商店，餐館，和其他中心地帶，而不用拐多幾個彎。
Now, this takes a careful uncreative planning.
這樣，設(shè)計必須謹(jǐn)慎而又富有創(chuàng)意。
But now what if one ingredient to this planning recipe is missing?
然而，如果設(shè)計中缺少某一元素會怎樣呢？
There could quite be possibly long lasting effects.
這很可能會造成長久的影響。
And I think a good example is pedestrian mall in the Louisville Kentucky for instance.
而我想，肯塔基州路易斯維爾的步行街就是一個很好的例子。
Now when the Louisville mall was built, it has lots of visual appeal, it was attractively designed, right in the small part of downtown and it pretty much possessed other design elements for success.
當(dāng)該步行街建起來的時候，視覺效果具有很大的吸引力，設(shè)計上頗引人注目。它就坐落在城鎮(zhèn)的一小塊地上，彰顯著其他成功的設(shè)計元素。
But now, here is my point about location comes into play.
而現(xiàn)在，我要講的點是關(guān)于其地理位置的作用。
There wasn't a convention center around to help joining visitors and was the only nearby hotel eventually closed down for that same reason.
該步行街附近沒有會議中心，不能匯集各地的游客，附近唯一的酒店也是因為同一原因而倒閉。
Well, you can imagine how these malls affected local and pedestrian malls business owners. Sort of what was we called it a chain reaction.
嗯，你可以想象到這些步行街是怎么影響到當(dāng)?shù)氐牟叫薪稚虘舻摹?/div>
It wasn't until a convention center and a parking garage was built about decades later that malls started to be successful.
有點像我們說的連鎖反應(yīng)。直到幾十年后，這里建起了一座會議中心和一座停車場，該步行街才開始成功營業(yè)。
