評(píng)論
打印
Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a United States government class.
獨(dú)白:請(qǐng)聽(tīng)一段美國(guó)政府課上的演講。
Professor:OK, last time we were talking about government support for the arts.
教授:好的，上次我們講了關(guān)于美國(guó)政府支持藝術(shù)的問(wèn)題，有
Who can Sum up some of the main points? Frank?
同學(xué)可以總結(jié)一下主要觀點(diǎn)嗎？Frank？
Frank:Well, I guess there wasn't really any, you know, official government support for the arts until the twentieth century.
Frank:嗯，我想直到 20 世紀(jì)政府才開(kāi)始正式支持藝術(shù)的發(fā)展。
But the first attempt the United States government made to, you know, to support the arts was the Federal Art Project.
但是，美國(guó)政府第一次嘗試支持藝術(shù)的行為是在聯(lián)邦藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目上提出的。
Professor:Right, so what can you say about the project?
教授:對(duì)，那對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目你有什么看法呢？
Frank:Um…it was started during the Depression, um…in the 1930s to employ out-of-work artists.
Frank:嗯，該項(xiàng)目開(kāi)始于大蕭條時(shí)期，嗯，二十世紀(jì)三十年代設(shè)立給無(wú)業(yè)的藝術(shù)家提供了工作。
Professor:So was it successful?
教授:那成功了嗎？
Janet? What do you say?
Jenet？你怎么認(rèn)為？
Janet:Yeah, sure, it was successful.
Janet:是，當(dāng)然成功。
I mean, for one thing, the project established a lot of…uh like community art centers and galleries and places like rural areas where people hadn't really had access to the arts.
一方面，該項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)立起了一堆，呃，像社區(qū)藝術(shù)中心，畫(huà)廊和像沒(méi)能接觸到藝術(shù)的農(nóng)村藝術(shù)。
Professor:Right.
教授:對(duì)。
Frank:Yeah. But didn't the government end up wasting a lot of money for art that wasn't even very good?
Frank:對(duì)，但是結(jié)果政府不是浪費(fèi)了很多錢(qián)在一些造詣都不高的藝術(shù)上嗎？
Professor:Uh…some people might say that.
教授:呃，有人會(huì)這么說(shuō)，
But wasn't the primary objective of the Federal Art Project to provide jobs?
但聯(lián)邦藝術(shù)項(xiàng)目的最初目的不是為了給人們提供工作嗎？
Frank:That's true.
Frank:是的。
I mean…it did provide jobs for thousands of unemployed artists.
它確實(shí)給上千位無(wú)業(yè)藝術(shù)家提供了工作。
Professor:Right.
教授:對(duì)。
But then when the United States became involved in the Second World War, unemployment was down and it seems that these programs weren't really necessary any longer.
但之后，隨著美國(guó)參與二戰(zhàn)，失業(yè)率降低，似乎這些項(xiàng)目就不再有存在的必要性了。
So, moving on, we don't actually see any govern…well any real government involvement in the arts again until the early 1960s,
那么，繼續(xù)，事實(shí)上，直到二十世紀(jì)六十年代，我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)美國(guó)政府再次參與到藝術(shù)行業(yè)中去。
when President Kennedy and other politicians started to push for major funding to support and promote the arts.
當(dāng)時(shí)正值肯尼迪總統(tǒng)和其他政治家開(kāi)始出力動(dòng)用大筆資金支持并改善藝術(shù)行業(yè)。
It was felt by a number of politicians that,
我感覺(jué)，一大堆政治家，
well that the government had a responsibility to support the arts as sort of… oh, what can we say?...the the soul…or spirit of the country.
呃，就是政府有義務(wù)支持藝術(shù)，作為一種，呃，怎么說(shuō)呢，國(guó)家的靈魂或精神支柱。
The idea was that there be a federal subsidy…um…uh…financial assistance to artists and artistic or cultural institutions.
他們的目標(biāo)是要有聯(lián)邦津貼。嗯，呃，給藝術(shù)家和藝術(shù)的或文化機(jī)構(gòu)的財(cái)政援助。
And for just those reasons, in 1965, the National Endowment for the Arts was created.
而僅僅因?yàn)檫@些原因，在 1965 年，美國(guó)全國(guó)藝術(shù)基金會(huì)成立。
So it was through the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts, um…that the arts would develop, would be promoted throughout the nation.
所以，通過(guò)全國(guó)藝術(shù)基金會(huì)，藝術(shù)可以得到發(fā)展，全國(guó)性范圍內(nèi)得到改善。
And then individual states throughout the country started to establish their own state arts councils to help support the arts.
之后，美國(guó)各州開(kāi)始成立自己的州藝術(shù)咨詢會(huì)，支持藝術(shù)發(fā)展。
There was kind of uh…cultural explosion.
這有點(diǎn)像，呃，文化爆發(fā)。
And by the mid 1970s, by 1974 I think, all fifty states had their own arts agencies, their own state arts councils that work with the federal government with corporations, artists, performers, you name it.
而在二十世紀(jì)七十年代中期之前，我想應(yīng)該是 1974 年，所有五十個(gè)州都有自己的藝術(shù)機(jī)關(guān)，他們自己的國(guó)家藝術(shù)咨詢會(huì)和聯(lián)邦政府，公司，藝術(shù)家，表演者共事。
Frank:Did you just say corporations?
Frank:你是在說(shuō)公司嗎？
How are they involved?
他們?cè)趺磿?huì)參與進(jìn)去的？
Professor:Well, you see, corporations aren't always altruistic.
教授:嗯，你知道的，公司可不總是奉行利他主義。
They might not support the arts unless…well, unless the government made it attractive for them to do so, by offering corporations tax incentives to support the arts, that is, by letting corporations pay less in taxes if they were patrons of the arts.
他們可能不會(huì)支持藝術(shù)，除非政府給他們點(diǎn)甜頭，所以通過(guò)提供公司捐稅鼓勵(lì)支持藝術(shù)的做法，讓公司成為藝術(shù)的支持者，從而減輕其稅負(fù)。
Um, the Kennedy Centre in Washington D.C. , you may uh…maybe you've been there, or Lincoln Centre in New York.
嗯，華盛頓的肯尼迪中心，你們可能去過(guò)，或者是紐約的林肯中心。
Both of these were built with substantial financial support from corporations.
這些地方都是在公司的財(cái)政支持下才建立起來(lái)的。
And the Kennedy and Lincoln centres aren't the only examples.
而肯尼迪和林肯中心只是其中之一的個(gè)例。
Many of your cultural establishments in the United States will have a plaque somewhere acknowledging the support-the money they received from whatever corporation.
美國(guó)的很多文化機(jī)構(gòu)都有這樣那樣的銘牌以表明其支持藝術(shù)—不管他們從哪些公司獲得的資助。
Oh, yes, Janet?
哦，怎么了？Janet？
Janet:But aren't there a lot of people who don't think it's the government's role to support the arts?
Janet:但是不是有很多人認(rèn)為政府不需承當(dāng)支持藝術(shù)行業(yè)的責(zé)任嗎？
Professor:Well, as a matter of fact, a lot of politicians who did not believe in government support for the arts,
教授:嗯，事實(shí)上，很多政治家，他們不相信政府，卻支持藝術(shù)。
they wanted to do away with the agency entirely, for that very reason, to get rid of governmental support.
他們要完全脫離政府機(jī)構(gòu)，正因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，才能脫離政府的支持。
But they only succeeded in taking away about half the annual budget.
但他們只能成功地不依賴年度預(yù)算的一半而已。
And as far as the public goes, well…there are about as many individuals who disagree with the government support as there are those who agree.
就大眾而言，嗯，不贊同政府支持藝術(shù)的人和贊同的人的數(shù)量相當(dāng)。
In fact, with artists in particular, you have lots of artists who support and who have benefited from this agency,
事實(shí)上，特別是藝術(shù)家，我們有很多藝術(shù)家支持這些機(jī)構(gòu)，并從中受益。
although it seems that just as many artists suppose a government agency being involved in the arts, for many different reasons, reasons like they don't want the government to control what they create.
盡管似乎很多藝術(shù)家想政府機(jī)構(gòu)參與到藝術(shù)行業(yè)中去，原因各種各樣，像他們不想讓政府限制他們創(chuàng)作。
In other words, the arguments both for and against government funding of the arts are as many and, and as varied as the individual styles of the artists who hold them.
換句話說(shuō)，對(duì)于支持或反對(duì)政府資助藝術(shù)行業(yè)的爭(zhēng)論很多，原因也很多，就像各種藝術(shù)家擁有自己的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格一樣。
