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Finance and Economics；Wall Street deregulation; The pendulum swings;
財經(jīng)；華爾街的去監(jiān)管化; 逆勢而變（鐘擺移位）;
The “JOBS” act turns into a battle about America's capital markets.
一場由“工作”法案引發(fā)的關于美國資本市場的爭端。
For a brief moment, it appeared that American's fractious politicians and capital markets were all in agreement. House Bill 3606, unofficially referred to as the JOBS act and officially (stretching out the acronym) known as the “Jumpstart Our Business Start-up Act”, sailed through the House of Representatives by 390 votes to 23 on March 8th.
在眼下，易怒的美國政治家竟決定要扶持資本市場。3月8號，民間稱為就業(yè)法案，官方稱為“復蘇本國商業(yè)活動法案”的眾議院3606號法案在該院得到390張支持票、23張反對票，順利通過。
It was on its way to a similar endorsement in the Senate when the unthinkable seems to have happened: someone bothered to read the law. There they found a set of provisions that, depending on your point of view, either open the airways of asphyxiated financial markets or give free rein to rapacious companies and banks.
人們認為相似的情況也將在參議院上演時，始料未及的事情卻發(fā)生了：有些人對這項議案感到了厭煩。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)依據(jù)個人的觀點，這一系列的法案既可以解釋為為即將窒息的金融市場打開了呼吸通道，又可以解釋為將控制權下放給了貪婪的企業(yè)和銀行。
Over the past decade, Congress and aggressive prosecutors—notably New York's former attorney-general, Eliot Spitzer—have responded to various upheavals on Wall Street, including the dotcom bubble, the collapse of Enron and the financial crisis, by imposing extensive regulations. Whether these rules protected investors or improved overall market efficiency is a subject for debate. But they have definitely coincided with a period when the number of public companies in America has dropped in both absolute terms and relative to other countries. Critics charge that the rules have been devastating to the ability of entrepreneurial firms to access funding on public markets.
過去的幾十年中，國會和激進的檢察官們——尤其是紐約市前任司法部長，艾略特.斯皮策——都通過執(zhí)行額外監(jiān)管條例來應對華爾街的各大變故，包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)泡沫，安然公司倒閉以及金融危機。這些條例是否（真正）保護了投資者利益或提高了整體市場效率則只能在辯論中找到答案。但在美國企業(yè)數(shù)量從絕對指標與相對指標上都落后其他國家時，這些政策顯然很合時宜。批評者們卻指責道這些政策極大破壞了創(chuàng)新性企業(yè)在公共市場上的融資能力。
The JOBS act—or the House version of it, at least—is packed with provisions to reverse the regulatory tide. It allows “emerging growth companies” with under $1 billion in revenue, hardly small change, to skip various reporting requirements and internal audits. It amends accounting rules. It loosens compensation constraints. And it allows limited online “crowdfunding” by equity investors who are not designated as “sophisticated” (shorthand for being rich). The law also provides protection against often intrusive state regulations and reduces the restrictions on underwriters using public offerings to fund research.
工作法案（坊間的版本）——或者至少從眾議院的版本看來——囊括了足以扭轉(zhuǎn)當前監(jiān)管態(tài)勢的法條。比如允許以10億美元以下的資金“并購成長型企業(yè)”并變革性的免除了各類報告和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)審計流程。它還恢復會計準則、放寬補償限制而且有限的允許“經(jīng)驗”（借指財富）不足的資產(chǎn)投資人進行在線“群體投資”。該法案同樣提供保護措施，幫助抵御通常被認為有入侵性的國家監(jiān)管政策，以及減少了針對保險商通過公開上市資助調(diào)研的限制。
Democrats have belatedly woken up to the act's radicalism. The proposal's support at first extended to the White House, which has since pulled back and demanded revisions. Opponents have become more vocal: trade unions, professors, regulators and others have lined up to criticise it. On March 20th, Harry Reid, the Senate majority leader, voiced scepticism over the link between the JOBS act and job creation. To survive, the bill must pass a vote in the Senate due to take place after The Economist had gone to press and then, harder still, win a presidential signature.
民主黨人沒能第一時間認識到這項法案的激進性。白宮曾經(jīng)加入過這項提案的支持者陣營，但后來卻倒戈、要求對這項法案進行修訂。反對者們則更有發(fā)言權：工會，專家，監(jiān)管者和其他人都在這一陣營之內(nèi)。三月二十號，參議院多數(shù)黨領導人哈里·里德就質(zhì)疑工作法案是否真能創(chuàng)造工作崗位。在經(jīng)濟學人雜志進行相關報道后，該法案現(xiàn)在必須經(jīng)由參議院投票，更困難的是，還需通過總統(tǒng)的簽署才能生效。
The bill is not perfect. A weakening of rules that require the broad dissemination of corporate information, rather than merely to the wealthy and connected, is its biggest flaw. But the pendulum of capital-markets regulation in America has swung in one direction for so long that when it started to reverse course, it was bound to do so with a vengeance.
這項法案也不完美。條例中的一項弱點：將企業(yè)信息公開的范圍要求的過大，甚至超過利益相關人的范圍，成為了最大的瑕疵。但是美國資本市場監(jiān)管者已經(jīng)猶如鐘擺般在一端停留太久，當他想要擺向另一端時，甚至不惜過猶不及（……停留太久，甚至準備好了“報復性”地反向運動）。
