評(píng)論
打印
Fiat and Italy
菲亞特和意大利
Arrivederci, Italia?
拜拜，意大利？
Italy worries that its biggest manufacturer may leave
意大利擔(dān)心它最大的制造企業(yè)可能離開
Will they drum Fiat out of Italy?
他們抗議的鼓聲會(huì)讓菲亞特搬出意大利嗎？
DUTY, history, and responsibility are what keep Fiat, Italy's biggest private-sector employer, based at home.
義務(wù)、歷史和責(zé)任是讓菲亞特，這個(gè)意大利最大的私營企業(yè)雇主留在意大利的原因。
Running counter to such fine notions, said the carmaker's boss, Sergio Marchionne, earlier this year, is Fiat's need to make decisions “rationally”.
這家汽車制造商的老板馬爾喬內(nèi)今年早些時(shí)候說，菲亞特需要背離這些良好信念從而做出“理性”抉擇。
It has lost money in Italy for years.
菲亞特在意國內(nèi)虧損已經(jīng)有些年了。
It expects things to get worse as sales slump at home.
隨著本土銷量萎縮，它預(yù)計(jì)情況還會(huì)更糟。
Small wonder that the country regularly goes into hysteria over whether Fiat will stay.
小部分人感嘆在菲亞特去留的問題上該國經(jīng)常抓狂。
Its takeover of Chrysler, an American carmaker, is one reason to worry.
菲亞特對(duì)美國汽車企業(yè)克萊斯勒的收購是擔(dān)心的一個(gè)原因。
Fiat has not decided whether the combined group's headquarters will be in Turin or Detroit.
菲亞特還沒決定合并后的公司總部設(shè)在都靈還是底特律。
That may involve little more than a plaque on the wall, as the company argues.
該公司聲稱這事就同如何在墻上掛牌匾一樣無關(guān)宏旨。
But Fiat's manufacturing presence in Italy is under threat too.
但其在意大利的制造部門也面臨威脅。
Despite earning two-thirds of its revenues abroad, it still has almost half its employees and 40% of its plants in Italy.
盡管2/3的營收來自國外，菲亞特仍有半數(shù)的員工和40%的工廠在意大利。
Mr Marchionne has repeatedly threatened to shutter Italian capacity if he cannot make it productive.
馬爾喬內(nèi)已經(jīng)很多次威脅說如果不能使其充分發(fā)揮效率，他就要縮減在意大利的產(chǎn)能。
On October 20th Consob, Italy's stockmarket regulator, demanded details of a 2010 plan called Fabbrica Italia, in which Fiat promised to invest 16 billion in its Italian plants over four years in return for new agreements on working conditions.
10月20日，意大利證監(jiān)機(jī)構(gòu) Consob 索要了2010年一份叫做意大利制造的計(jì)劃的詳細(xì)資料，這份計(jì)劃中菲亞特承諾4年內(nèi)向其意大利工廠投資160億歐元，以換取新的工作狀況的協(xié)議。
As part of this plan, it is repatriating production of the Panda, a small car, from Poland.
作為計(jì)劃的一部分，菲亞特將把一款小車Panda從波蘭搬回國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)。
But Fiat has also changed some elements:
但它也改了一些內(nèi)容：
two prestigious models it was going to bring to its Mirafiori plant in Turin will be replaced with smaller cars.
原打算在都靈Mirafiori工廠生產(chǎn)的兩款受歡迎的車型將被較小的車型取代。
Fiat rejected Consob's demands for more detail on the plan and attacked the regulator for asking for it publicly.
菲亞特拒絕了Consob提出的提供更多該計(jì)劃細(xì)節(jié)的要求，并對(duì)此其公開索要的行為進(jìn)行抨擊。
Maurizio Landini, secretary-general of Fiom-Cgil, a metalworkers' union which has fought hard against Fiat's new working conditions, says his main fear is that Fabbrica Italia only exists on paper.
五金工人聯(lián)合會(huì)Fiom-Cgil強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)菲亞特的新工作狀況，該組織秘書長Landini說他主要擔(dān)心意大利制造將只是一紙空文。
He claims that Fiat is basing the development of its most innovative future projects, such as hybrid and electric cars, in America.
他聲稱菲亞特正把其最有創(chuàng)造力的未來項(xiàng)目，如混合動(dòng)力和電動(dòng)車，的發(fā)展放在美國。
Fiat's Italian plants are 15-20% less efficient than those of competitors elsewhere in Europe.
菲亞特意大利工廠比歐洲其它競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的效率低15-20%。
Its Polish, Serbian and Turkish plants run at more than 70% of their capacity, whereas Italian ones run at 33%.
其在波蘭、塞爾維亞和土耳其的工廠的生產(chǎn)率超過產(chǎn)能的70%，而意大利的工廠只有33%。
Flexibility has been the firm's main problem.
靈活性成了該公司最大的問題。
For example, if a car on one production line sold badly and a model on another line sold well Fiat could not move workers across under the old rules.
舉例來說，如果一條生產(chǎn)線的車型銷量不佳而另一條線的車型暢銷的話，在舊模式下菲亞特?zé)o法進(jìn)行工人的調(diào)配。
The firm's employees proved this year that they are ready to compete.
公司員工今年證明他們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
A majority at three Italian plants voted to accept new working practices and, apart from Fiom-Cgil, all unions signed the deal.
3家意大利工廠的大多數(shù)工人投票接受新的工作準(zhǔn)則，并且除了Fiom-Cgil之外，其他公會(huì)都已簽了協(xié)議。
At a long-shuttered plant near Turin that Fiat has bought from another carmaker, 89% of the idled workers voted for the changes despite Fiom-Cgil's strong presence.
在都靈附近的菲亞特從另一家汽車企業(yè)收購的長期停產(chǎn)的工廠，盡管有Fiom-Cgil的強(qiáng)勢(shì)存在，仍有89%懶散的工人投票贊成變革。
So it can bargain directly with workers at factory level, Fiat has also decided to quit Confindustria, Italy's main employers' lobby, after it offered the unions' national chiefs a final say on pay deals.
菲亞特還決定退出Condindustria這個(gè)意大利最大的雇主聯(lián)合團(tuán)體，在向公會(huì)全國主席提供了一份最終的工資方案后，它可以直接在工廠層面和工人討價(jià)還價(jià)。
Fiat has thus made two big breaks with Italy's collective-bargaining tradition, says Roberto Pedersini, a labour-relations expert.
勞資問題專家Pedersini說菲亞特這樣做打破了兩項(xiàng)意大利重要的勞資談判傳統(tǒng)。
First, it has repudiated industry-wide, national labour standards.
首先，它拒絕承認(rèn)了行業(yè)性的全國勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Second, it is taking away labour protections when company-level agreements usually give more rights to workers.
其次，它移除了工人的保護(hù)傘，而公司層面的協(xié)議一般給予了工人們更多權(quán)益。
To be rational, Fiat's Italianità has to be less dutiful.
理性的說，菲亞特身上的意大利特質(zhì)讓其顯得不是那么負(fù)責(zé)任。
