7. empiricism n.經驗主義
Scientists require observable data, not -------, to support a hypothesis; sound science is grounded
in ------- results rather than speculation.
(A) induction . . diminutive
(B) experimentation . . pragmatic
(C) intuition . . fiscal
(D) bombast . . theoretical
(E) conjecture . . empirical
從這道題里我們可以看出empirical和speculative是兩種截然相反的科學態度。
8. hedonism n.享樂主義,享樂
9. jingoism(讀音,靖國神社) n.沙文主義,侵略主義
10. nihilism n.虛無主義,無政府主義
11. optimism n.樂觀主義
12. patriotism n.愛國主義,愛國心 <>treachery/betray 叛國
13. pragmatic adj.實際的,實用主義的 pragmatism n.實用主義
In a ______ society that worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of ______ decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a society.
A) bureaucratic … edifying
B) pragmatic … hardheaded
C) rational…well-intentioned
D) competitive… evenhanded
E) modern … dysfunctional
14. reciprocity n.互惠主義,相互利益
15. totalitarian adj.極權主義的
16. Idealism: 如共產主義也好,社會主義也好,為此奮斗不已,而且沒有功利的念頭,這就是idealism,理想主義;與此相對的則是materialism,現實主義
The world of Hernrich Boll’s early novels is one of impersonal malice, thinly camouflaged with patriotic and other___ clichés, in which relief is provided only by occasional___ of genuine human emotion.
(A) pragmatic, absences
(B) ideological, manifestations
(C) conceptual, lapses
(D) ephemeral, loss
(E) scholarly, vestiges
填空題做題方法就不講了,這里ideological是理想的意思。
17. Practicality:就是materialism的意思。
18. Expectation:期待,期望,是對將要發生的事情一種美好的愿望。
19. Reality:是現在所正在發生的事情。
(三)延續性動詞動作內涵
1.Speculation:the act of forming opinions about what has happened or what might happen without knowing all the facts. 在有限信息基礎上的推測,所以這個推測總不是那么的準。此外speculation還表示投機。
2.Investigation:正好是speculation相對的概念,指科學的實際調查。
3.Anticipation:the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future),pleasure expectation,所以anticipation表示美好的愿望,而且是有根有據的,而不像speculation,是建立在很少的事實的基礎上的。
4.Generosity:慷慨的,情景很簡單,generosity,generous(來自于gen),我們復習一下表示慷慨的一些單詞 magnanimous(mag大+anim生命),還有benevolent,charitable等
5.Possessive:desirous of owning 占有欲的