評論
打印
抽象單詞
(一)和寫作有關
1. allusive：characterized by indirect references即不直接指出，而是引經據典來解釋。在閱讀題當中一定要注意只有當敘述的方式是indirect(比如從別人嘴里或者文獻里記載得到)，那么才可以稱為allusive，或者allusion。
Eg：Readers previously__ by the complexity and__ of Joyce’s Ulysses will find Gilbert’s study of the novel a helpful introduction.
(A) charmed, obscurity
(B) rejected, length
(C) inhibited, intelligibility
(D) daunted, allusiveness
(E) enlightened, transparency
2.analytical：分析性的，這個單詞在閱讀的寫作手法題中碰到的機會特別多。他的特點非常明顯，即一定要有條件或者假設，然后由這些條件和假設按一定的推理邏輯得出某個結論。
3. argumentative：：descriptive，這兩種一般很容易區分，但也有一些不容易區分的時候，argumentative是對別人已經表明了的觀點進行(1)條件是否為真，(2)推理過程是否恰當這樣一個過程，那么這樣的文章就是argumentative，而descriptive的文章只是在敘述，或者會表達自己的感情(喜怒哀樂鄙視欣賞等)，但沒有分析感情是否為理性，也即感情背后的原因是模糊的。
4. assumption：假設，很簡單。現在閱讀題經常會出一些邏輯題目，如下：
OG-853-15
The next to report is the psychologist, who proposes: “The inside of the barn should be painted green. This is a more mellow color than brown and should help induce greater milk flow. Also, more trees should be planted in the fields to add diversity to the scenery for the cattle during grazing, to reduce boredom.”
Question: The psychologist’s remarks are based on the assumption that
A. any implied psychological similarity between cows and humans is inappropriate
B. psychology derives insight from current theories of aesthetics
C. individualized attention to cows will yield measurable increases in milk
D. contented cows will produce more milk than bored or anxious ones
E. each cow will respond differently to attempts to increase milk production
前提：mellow color (mellow成熟的)
結論：induce greater milk flow (注意should ,must這種單詞后面都會引起結論，這樣之前當然也就是前提了)
推出方式： more mellow color->induce greater milk flow
什么叫假設呢?其實是這樣的本來A->B,但是由A推出B太突兀，所以說假設以起這樣的功能A->C->B,C既是假設，所以假設一定是前提能推出來的，然后又能推出結論來這樣一條鏈。即C的敘述里首先是要要有前提，然后又要有結論的內容。顯然
more mellow color->induce greater milk flow的推理太突兀，所以應該有中間條件，也即假設存在，即more mellow color->more contented( more contented cows produce more milk)->induce greater milk flow
5. baseless=unfounded，
Unfounded: without a basis in reason or fact. 沒有根據的, unfounded rumor 無稽之談
情景: Talented children "burn themselves out" in the early years, and, therefore, are subjected to failure and at worst, mental illness. 對這句話判斷的話,顯然是unfounded,要不然新東方的老師要么都是瘋子,要么都是騙子,而顯然我們是相當正常的人類.
6. Comical：滑稽的，見第二講講義。
7. Commentary：評論的，能對得起這個詞語的真正意義的恐怕中國只有黃建翔了。因為commentary就是要說出你想說的任何表達你感情和意見的話即可。
8. Criticism：見前面critical
9. dark foreboding：不祥的預感
10. dramatic：dramatize，戲劇性的，什么叫戲劇性的表達呢?比如說，你把小說改編成劇本，然后再搬上熒幕或者成為話劇，這個過程就是 dramatize
11. emphasize，highlight，stress 強調，通常是通過加重語氣或者描寫的細致一些
12. enumerate：列舉。通常和parallel(排比)聯系在一塊。
13. euphemism：委婉的說法
a polite word or expression that you use instead of a more direct one to avoid shocking or upsetting someone. 比如你說pass away來代替die，還比如老毛常說自己“馬上就要去見馬克思了”，都是一種euphemism，可以看出euphemism都是通過減低了本來的意思(但動作方向相同來代指程度非常嚴重的詞匯)。
1)“Old Nick” is one of several__ people use when they want to refer indirectly to the Devil.
(A) euphemisms
(B) banalities
(C) arguments
(D) apostrophes
(E) eulogies
2) The Tanaina live in an environment that could euphemistically be described as “difficult”.
Question: The sentence in which “difficult” appears
(A) an exaggeration
(B) an estimate
(C) an understatement
(D) a contradiction
(E) a preconception
典型的考察單詞euphemistically
