評論
打印
對托福有過了解的讀者都知道，托福寫作考試有相對固定的題目，特別是過去的老托福考試，有經典的185題庫，所有的寫作題目出自這題題庫。現在的新托福對此進行了改革，對題庫進行了擴大，但是不管是ETS公布的獨立寫作185題庫，還是改革后網考中出現的獨立寫作題，它們都有一定的共性。獨立寫作185題庫的題目可以按題材分類，對于同一題材或基本類似的題目，可以使用相同的理由和例子作為論據。如果能按照分類題材進行復習，就能節省時間并提高效率。但是光掌握話題是遠遠不夠的，因為在拿到一個新托福的獨立寫作的題目后，很多考生依然不知所措，不知如何下手。朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師建議廣大托福考生在面對一個考題時，可以參考動筆前的解題三部曲：先審題找出話題和問題模式，第二步得出文章結構，第三部做Brainstorming擴展論據，準備完畢后再下筆寫文章。本文將為大家介紹第二步得出新托福獨立寫作文章結構的一些技巧。
從應考方面而言，在接觸一個新托福獨立寫作的題目時，我們必須要掌握的是文章的結構。嚴謹的結構對觀點的表達有事半功倍的作用。ETS公布的185題庫的題目和近幾年的托福網考考題，除了話題上的共性外，在問題模式上和雅思議論文一樣，可以歸為固定的幾類問題模式：
描述解釋型
比較對比型
二選一型
I 描述解釋型
1）概念判斷
判斷一道作文題是否屬于“描述解釋型”，可以看題目是是否包含下列詞匯：describe, explain, identify, why, reason, cause, what, how等。如：
1.（獨立寫作185題庫21題。一下括號中的題號均為ETS同一題庫的題號）
In general, people are living longer now.Discuss the causes of this phenomenon.Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
2.(168題)
Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries.Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.
3.(179題)
What are some of the qualities of a good parent? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer.
2）對應結構分析
由上述三道題目中關鍵詞causes, why, what，我們可以判斷它們屬于“描述解釋型”題目。那么此種問題模式所對應的文章結構安排如下：
第一段：引言
1.背景陳述
2.給出主題陳述
第二段：討論話題第一點
1.分論點一（段落主題句）
2.例證一（論證過程）
第三段：討論話題第二點
1.分論點二（段落主題句）
2.例證二（論證過程）
第四段：討論話題第一點
1.分論點三（段落主題句）
2.例證三（論證過程）
第五段： 結論
1.復述主題陳述
2.總結幾個分論點
對應的英文文章結構如下所示：
Paragraph 1: Introduction
Background + layout
Paragraph 2-4: Body
Reason one / Quality one
Topic Sentence + supporting sentences
Reason two / Quality two
Topic Sentence + supporting sentences
Reason three / Quality three
Topic Sentence + supporting sentences
Paragraph 5: Conclusion:
Restatement of the Body
根據上述結構，給剛剛列舉的三道題目中的第一題列出下列提綱：
原創范例（21題）：
Introduction: A few reasons are thought to contribute to such phenomenon of a longer life expectancy than before.
Main body 1: First of all, availability of basic health care makes people live longer.
eg.More doctors and medicine for common diseases readily available
Main body 2: Moreover, advances in medicine enable people to live a longer life.
eg.development of vaccines against some diseases and flus to prolong patients’ lives.
Main body 3: Last but not least, increasing awareness of health makes people live longer.
eg.regular exercise and change of health-related habits.
原創范例（168題）：
Introduction: Several factors are thought to be the essential to lead to this phenomenon that an increasing number of students choose to further their education abroad instead of at home, three of which are most significant.
Main body 1: First of all, studying abroad enables the students to pursue a program that is not available in their home country.
eg.learning US accounting system
Main body 2: Moreover, studying overseas is a good way to enhance their competitive edge in the future job market.
eg.developing a western critical mind
Main body 3: Last but not least, students can have access to a new language via pursuing education in a foreign country.
