give rise to
使發生，引起
eg. The jump in food price give rise to a lot of complaint.
食品價格的猛漲引起了許多不滿。

collapse
vt. 瓦解
eg. Despite their efforts the project collapsed.
雖然經過他們努力，這個規劃還是失敗了。

staggering
adj. 令人震驚的
eg. The variety of goods that the peddlers sold was staggering.
小商販們賣的商品種類繁多。

hone
vt. 錘煉，使精通
eg. He runs every day to hone his stamina.
為了增強耐力，他每天都進行跑步鍛煉。

trigger
vt. 引發
eg. The earthquake may trigger landslides or similar local surficial movements.
地震會引起滑坡或類似的局部地表運動。

desperation
n. 失望，絕望
eg. The prisoner clawed at the cell door in desperation.
囚犯絕望地亂抓牢房的門。