Lesson 9 An exciting trip
令人激動的旅行

一、文章講解：
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been therefor six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

1.I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
1）語法1: 同位語（相同位置的語言－名詞之間）
例句：This is my brother, Peter. (brother = Peter) 這是我的哥哥，皮特。
例句：Peter, the president of Harvard University, is planning to visit Peking University next month. 皮特，哈佛大學的校長，計劃下月來訪問北京大學。（Peter = the president of Harvard University）
例句：The capital of China, Beijing, has more than 10 million people. 中國的首都，北京，有超過1000萬人口。
2）語法2－時態：基本時間劃分－過去，現在，將來。
現在：一般現在時，現在進行時，現在完成式；一般現在完成進行時；
現在完成時
（第一部分）定義：從過去某一個時間點開始，到現在“完成”的動作。
（第二部分）結構：
結構1：have/has + 動詞過去分詞 ＋for + 時間段
結構2：have/has +動詞過去分詞 ＋ since +過去時間點
備注：過去分詞變化規則
1、規則動詞：規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同。四點變化規則：
(1)直接＋ed;　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)以”e”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加”d”; live---lived---lived ,
(3)以”輔音字母+ y”結尾的動詞，將 "y" 變為 "i", 再加”ed”。study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加”ed”。stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped—dropped
2、不規則動詞變化需參看不規則動詞表逐一熟記。例如; cut- cut- cut, hit-- hit-- hit.
例句：I have learned English for 10 years. 我學英語已經有10年了。
例句：I have learned English since 1996. 我自從1996年開始學英語。
（第三部分）特殊注意點：
如果完成時，后面加時間，但是謂語動詞是短暫性動詞。短暫性動詞要做相應變化。
leave --- be away,
borrow --- keep,
buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead,
finish --- be over
join --- be on+組織機構, be a member of+組織機構,
open sth --- keep sth open,
fall ill --- be ill
get up---be up,
come here --- be here,
go there --- be there,
become --- be,
come back --- be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know,
go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear
catch a cold →have a cold
get married---be marrie
2.He is in Australia. He has been there for six months.
1)in + 國家
I have lived in China for more than 10 years. 我已經
Have gone to 去了某地還沒回來
2)語法： have been there for + 一段時間
改：He has been there since 6 months ago.
例：I’m a teacher.
變：I have been a teacher for almost 10 years.
例：I work for IBM.
例：I have worked for IBM for 5 years.
3)發音：months
3.Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a
great number of different places in Australia.
1)（口語）介紹自己工作
What do you do (for a living)?
第一種回復：I work for + 公司名。I’m a + 職業。
第二種回復：I work for myself. 然后解釋自己做什么。
I work for myself. I teach English on Wechat. (How does that work?)
2)時態：He is working for a big firm. 他現在在一家大公司上班。
復習：be + doing 表示現在正在進行。
例：You free to talk?
答：I’m working now. But I’ll call you back when I finish my class.
3)a great number of ＝ many 很多
例：Peter have been going on blind dates recently. He has seen a great number of girls already. But he’s still single now, because he has really high standards. 皮特最近一直相親。他已經看了很多女孩了。但是現在還單身。因為他要求真的很好。
備注：go on a blind date 去相親； have really high standards 標準很高；
4.He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small
town in the centre of Australia.
1)buy-bought-bought
2)have been to/have gone to
Peter has _____ to Shanghai. I’ll let him know when he comes back.
3)同位語
5.He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
1)時態：一般將來時（未來時間發生的動作）
結構：will + 動詞原形； be going to + 動詞原形
例：I will pick you up after work. 我下班之后去接你。
例：I will see you off tomorrow. 我明天給你送行。
例：I’m going to go shopping with my friend this afternoon. 我今天下午和朋友去購物。
例：I’m going to learn English well this year. 我今年打算把英語學好。
2) 完成式標志：否定詞 ＋before 放在句子結尾
例: I’ve never been to Thailand before. 我以前從來沒去過泰國。
例：I haven’t watched this film before. 我以前沒看過這個電影。
例：I’ve never had such great time before. 我以前從沒有這么開心過。
例：I’ve never met you before. 我以前沒見過你啊。