Lesson 8 An exciting trip
令人激動的旅行

一、詞匯部分：
1.exciting adj. 令人興奮的
擴展：thrilled/pumped 興奮的
2.different adj. 不同的
3.Receive v.收到；
4.Center 中心
搭配：in the center of 在…的中心
5.firm 公司
表示專業只是的公司。Law firm 律師事務所；
6.Abroad adv. 在國外；
比如：study abroad 在國外讀書；travel abroad 出國旅游；live abroad 去國外生活

二、文章講解：
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been therefor six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

1.I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.
1）語法1: 同位語（相同位置的語言－名詞之間）
例句：This is my brother, Peter. (brother = Peter) 這是我的哥哥，皮特。
例句：Peter, the president of Harvard University, is planning to visit Peking University next month. 皮特，哈佛大學的校長，計劃下月來訪問北京大學。（Peter = the president of Harvard University）
例句：The capital of China, Beijing, has more than 10 million people. 中國的首都，北京，有超過1000萬人口。
Receive a letter from someone
2）語法2－時態：基本時間劃分－過去，現在，將來。
現在：一般現在時，現在進行時，現在完成式；一般現在完成進行時；
現在完成時
（第一部分）定義：從過去某一個時間點開始，到現在“完成”的動作。
（第二部分）結構：
結構1：have/has + 動詞過去分詞 ＋for + 時間段
結構2：have/has +動詞過去分詞 ＋ since +過去時間點
備注：過去分詞變化規則
1、規則動詞：規則動詞的過去分詞的構成規則與規則動詞的過去式的構成規則相同。四點變化規則：
(1)直接＋ed;　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)以”e”結尾的動詞，只在詞尾加”d”; live---lived---lived ,
(3)以”輔音字母+ y”結尾的動詞，將 "y" 變為 "i", 再加”ed”。study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried
(4)重讀閉音節結尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加”ed”。stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped—dropped
2、不規則動詞變化需參看不規則動詞表逐一熟記。例如; cut- cut- cut, hit-- hit-- hit.
例句：I have learnt English for 10 years. 我學英語已經有10年了。
例句：I have learnt English since 1996. 我自從1996年開始學英語
（第三部分）特殊注意點：
如果完成時，后面加時間，但是謂語動詞是短暫性動詞。短暫性動詞要做相應變化。
leave --- be away,
borrow --- keep,
buy --- have,
begin/start --- be on,
die --- be dead,
finish --- be over
join --- be on+組織機構, be a member of+組織機構,
open sth --- keep sth open,
fall ill --- be ill
get up---be up,
come here --- be here,
go there --- be there,
become --- be,
come back --- be back,
fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
leave --- be away from,
get to know --- know,
go (get) out →be out，
put on→ wear
catch a cold →have a cold
get married---be married
例：He has (die—be dead) been dead for 5 years.
例：We have been married(marry---be married) for 5 years.
例：He has had(buy—have) this book for 5 years.